PROCESS TO PRODUCE A PARTICULATE COMPOSITION

专利摘要:
process for producing a particulate composition. [problem] provide a method for producing a powder containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with which it is possible to produce a powder that does not show significant solidification, even when the percentage of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is less than 35% by weight. [solution] a method for producing a powder containing anhydrous crystals of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid comprising a step in which a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and l-ascorbic acid is exposed to γtase and then to glucoamylase to obtain a solution , wherein the percentage of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid produced is 27% by mass or more; a step to purify the resulting solution such that the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content exceeds 86% by mass; a step for precipitating the anhydrous crystals of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by controlled cooling or semi-controlled cooling; and a step of recovering, aging and drying the precipitated anhydrous crystals of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
公开号:BR112013022939B1
申请号:R112013022939-0
申请日:2012-03-07
公开日:2022-01-11
发明作者:Takashi Shibuya；Seisuke Izawa；Tomoyuki Nishimoto；Shigeharu Fukuda；Toshio Miyake
申请人:Hayashibara Co., Ltd；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a process for producing a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-OaD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid, and more particularly to a process for producing a particulate composition containing 2-OaD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid. anhydrous crystalline material that is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to conventional ones. Fundamentals of the Invention
Due to its beneficial physiological activities and antioxidant action, L-ascorbic acid has been used for a variety of purposes, including those for food and cosmetic products. L-ascorbic acid, however, has a serious disadvantage that it is unstable by virtue of its reducibility and is susceptible to oxidative degradation that makes it easily lose its physiological activities. To overcome the drawback, the same applicant of the present invention, as one of the co-applicants of Patent Literature 1, disclosed 2-OaD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid which is composed of a molecule of D-glucose linked to the hydroxyl group at position C -2 of L-ascorbic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as “2-glycoside ascorbic acid” throughout the specification). As notable features, 2-ascorbic acid has no reducibility, has satisfactory stability, and exerts the physiological activities inherent to L-ascorbic acid after being hydrolyzed in living bodies to L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose by an enzyme in vivo inherently existing in living bodies. According to the process disclosed in Patent Literature 1, 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is formed by allowing a saccharide transfer enzyme such as cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (abbreviated as "CGTase", hereinafter) or α-glucosidase to act in a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and an a-glucosyl saccharide compound.
In Patent Literature 2, the same applicant of the present invention succeeded in crystallizing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from a supersaturated solution of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and revealed crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and a particulate composition containing the same 5 . In Non-Patent Literature 1, the same applicant of the present invention disclosed a process for producing a high-content 2-glycoside ascorbic acid product on a large scale. So far, it is known that crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid exists only in an anhydrous crystalline form. For reference, Non-patent Literatures 2 and 3 report the results of X-ray structure analysis for crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
In Patent Literatures 3 and 4, the same applicant of the present invention further disclosed a process for producing a product with a high content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which comprises the steps of subjecting a solution with 2-glycoside ascorbic acid formed by reactions to a column chromatography with a strong acid cation exchange resin, and collect a fraction rich in 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. In Patent Literature 5, the same applicant of the present invention disclosed a process for producing a product with a high content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, comprising subjecting a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid formed by enzymatic reactions to electrodialysis with a membrane of anion exchange to remove impurities such as L-ascorbic acid and saccharides from the solution; and, in Patent Literature 6, the same applicant of the present invention disclosed a process for producing a product with a high content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which comprises the 25 steps of subjecting a solution with 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to a resin of anion exchange, and selectively desorb the adsorbed ingredients on the resin to obtain a fraction rich in 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
Furthermore, Patent Literatures 7 to 11 disclose a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Bacillus stearothermophilus, which is now classified in a microorganism of the species Geobacillus stearothermophilus} a nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding such a CGTase protein; an amino acid sequence determined from the nucleotide sequence; a mutant CGTase 5 prepared by artificially introducing a mutation into the amino acid sequence; and a process for producing saccharides using the same. Non-patent literatures 4 and 5 disclose the formation of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by allowing a CGTase derived from a Bacillus stearothermophilus species to act in a solution containing starchy substance 10 and L-ascorbic acid, and then allowing glucoamylase to act in the resulting solution to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
In Patent Literature 12, the same applicant of the present invention disclosed a process for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid comprising allowing both an α-isomaltosyl-glucosaccharide-forming enzyme and an α-isomaltosyl-glucosaccharide-forming enzyme and CGTase act in a solution containing L-ascorbic acid compound and a-glucosyl saccharide to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Patent Literatures 13 and 14 by the same applicant of the present invention respectively disclose that an α-isomaltosyl-glucosaccharide forming enzyme and an α-isomaltosyl-transferring enzyme form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid catalyzing the transfer of saccharides into L- ascorbic
As for the use of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, many proposals have been made as shown in Patent Literatures 15 to 34.
Due to its advantageous properties, 2-glycoside ascorbic acid has been extensively used as a food material, food additive material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, or pharmaceutical material for use as in conventional L-ascorbic acid and for other uses where acid L-ascorbic could not be used because of its instability.
As described above, at present it is known that 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was produced using various saccharide transfer enzymes of L-ascorbic acid and a starchy substance 5 as materials. Among them, as far as the present inventors are aware, the method comprising allowing CGTase as a saccharide transfer enzyme to act in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid is an industrially advantageous method by virtue of of the production yield of 2-glycoside 10 ascorbic acid to be the highest. Based on the discovery, the present applicant has produced a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by a process comprising allowing CGTase to act in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid, and has marketed it as a cosmetics material/almost 15 drugs and food products and food additives with the respective product names of “AA2G” (marketed by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan) and “ASCOFRESH” (marketed by Hayashibara Shoji, Co ., Ltd., Okayama, Japan), wherein all such conventional particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-20 glycoside ascorbic acid, which have been marketed as such a material for cosmetics/quasi-drugs and for food products and food additives, are abbreviated as “quasi-drug grade powders”, below.
Although quasi-drug grade powders have 25 product specifications of relatively high 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 98.0% by weight or more and have satisfactory flowability as powders immediately after their production, they have a disadvantage that they induce cake formation due to their own weights and moisture absorptions when left in relatively high temperature and humidity conditions. In view of such a disadvantage, quasi-drug grade powders have been marketed in a product form, closed in a steel can with a lid then packaged in a polyethylene bag by weight of 10-kg each together with a desiccant. However, the present inventors' latest discovery has revealed that quasi-drug grade powders even in such a product form have the disadvantage that they can often cause cake formation and lose their proper properties as powders when stored for a period of time. relatively long time. When a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid for use as a cosmetic material or quasi-drug material or as a food material or food additive material is once made into cake, it can cause any problems in the conveying, sieving steps. , mixing raw materials, etc., if production plants are designed with the premise that raw materials are powders that retain fluidity.
A particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid (product name "2-glycoside ascorbic acid 999", Code No.: AG 124, available from Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan) (hereinafter abbreviated as " a reagent grade powder”) (see, for example, Non-Patent Literature 6), which has been marketed as a standard analytical reagent by the same applicant as the present invention, does not cake even under conditions that allow a near-drug grade powder crooked shape, and still retains its properties like a powder. Similarly, as in a quasi-drug grade powder, a reagent grade powder such as this is a powder prepared by allowing CGTase to act in a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and a starchy substance, purifying and concentrating the obtained solution containing 2-glycoside acid. ascorbic acid to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, and collecting the precipitated crystals. A reagent grade powder like this is different from a quasi-drug grade powder in that, in addition to the conventional steps, the first one needs additional steps such as a recrystallization step of dissolving the crystals once obtained and then recrystallizing the crystals, and a washing step of repeatedly washing the crystals obtained through a recrystallization step with purified water, etc., to increase the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to a distinctly high purity of 99.9% or more by weight. Thus, even in a near-drug grade powder, one can speculate to make it into a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid that is significantly less prone to cake formation, increasing the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. to a level of at least 99.9% by weight.
However, as described above, to increase the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to a level of at least 99.9% by weight, a recrystallization step and a repeated washing step with purified water, etc., could be added in addition to of the usual production step, resulting in the disadvantages not only of an increase in time and labor required for its production, but a loss of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the recrystallization and washing steps, as well as a reduction in production yield and an increase in the cost of production by a large margin. As a result, it is not a realistic option to simply increase the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to a level of at least 99.9% by weight in order to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid that is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to a near-drug grade powder. Furthermore, to the knowledge of the present inventors, a reagent grade powder has a disadvantage that it is lower in solubility when mixed with a hydrophilic solvent, such as an aqueous 1,3-butylene glycol solution, which is often used in cosmetics and quasi-medicines.
Under these circumstances, the present applicant has made efforts of trial and error, revealing that in a production method of allowing CGTase to act on a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid and then allowing glucoamylase to act on the resulting solution , in the case of increasing the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the solution obtained by the enzymatic reactions to a level of at least 35% by weight, a powder that is significantly less prone to cake formation, compared to a powder of grade quasi-drug grade can be produced through substantially the same process steps to produce such a quasi-drug grade powder without dissolving and recrystallizing the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid once obtained; and disclosed the earlier finding in Patent Literature 35. In the prior process, however, there is an inconvenience that a limited specific CGTase could be used alone or in combination with a starch debranching enzyme such as isoamylase to increase the yield of starch production. 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to a level of at least 35% by weight in the reaction mixture obtained by enzymatic reactions, and such a process lacks general versatility as a production method. Previous Technology Literatures Patent Literatures
[Patent Literature 1] Kokai Japanese Patent No. 139288/91 [Patent Literature 2] Kokai Japanese Patent No. 135992/91 [Patent Literature 3] Kokai Japanese Patent No. 183492/91 [Patent Literature 4] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 117290/93 [Patent Literature 5] Kokai Japanese Patent No. 208991/93 [Patent Literature 6] Kokai Japanese Patent No. 2002-088095 [Patent Literature 7] Kokai Japanese Patent No. 63189/75 [Lit. Patent No. 8] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 39597/88 [Patent Literature 9] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 244945/93 [International Patent Literature No. WO 96033267 10] Patent Descriptive Report [International Patent Literature No. WO 99015633 11] Patent Descriptive Report [Patent Literature 12] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2004-065098 [International Patent Literature No. WO 02010361 13] Patent Descriptive Report [International Patent Literature No. WO 01090338 14] Patent Descriptive Report [Literature Patent No. WO 05087182 15] Patent specification [Patent Literature 16] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 046112/92 [Patent Literature 17] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 182412/92 [Patent Literature 18] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 182413/92 [Patent Literature 19] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 182419/92 [Patent Literature 20] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 182415/92 [Patent Literature 21] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 182414/92 [Lit. Patent 22] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 333260/96 [Patent Literature 23] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2005-239653 [Patent Literature 24] International Patent Specification No. WO 06033412 [Patent Literature 25] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2002-326924 [Patent Literature 26] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2003-171290 [Patent Literature 27] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2004-217597 [Patent Literature 28] International Patent Descriptive Report No. WO 05034938 225327 [Lit. of Patent and 29] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2006- [Patent Literature 30] Descriptive International Patent No. WO 06137129 [Patent Literature 31] Descriptive International Patent No. WO 06022174 063177 [Patent Literature 32] Japanese Patent Kokai No. 2007- [Patent Literature 33] International Patent Descriptive Report No. WO 06132310 [Patent Literature 34] International Patent Descriptive Report No. WO 07086327 [Patent Literature 35] International Patent Descriptive Report No. WO 2011/ 027790 Non-Patent Literatures [Non-Patent Literature 1] Sanyo-Gijyutsu-Zasshi, Vol. 45, No. Lpgs. 63-69, 1997 [Non-Patent Literature 2] Carbohydrate Research, Takahiko MANDAI et al, Vol. 232, pgs. 197-205, 1992 [Non-Patent Literature 3] International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Yutaka INOUE et al., Vol. 331, pgs. 38-45, 2007 [Non-Patent Literature 4] Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Vol. 143, No. 1, pgs. 36-40, 2007 [Non-Patent Literature 5] Agricultural Biological Chemistry, Vol. 7, pgs. 1751-1756, 1991 [Non-Patent Literature 6] Wako Analytical Circle, No. 29, p. 6, 2003 Revelation of the Invention Purpose of the Invention
The present invention, which has been made to solve the foregoing drawback, aims to provide a process for producing a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid which allows the production of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid which is significantly less prone to cake formation, compared to a quasi-drug grade powder, even in the case where the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a reaction solution obtained by enzymatic reactions is below 35% by weight. Means to Achieve the Goal
In order to overcome the foregoing objective, the present inventors continued to study further and repeated trial and error efforts in a process to produce a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, and observed that by applying the method of controlled cooling or pseudocontrolled cooling method described later during the precipitation of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, an anhydrous crystalline 2-glucoside ascorbic acid that is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to a powder of Conventional quasi-drug grade can be produced through substantially the same steps as a conventional process to produce such a quasi-drug grade powder, even when the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a reaction solution obtained by enzymatic reactions is below of 35% by weight.
In other words, the present invention solves the above object by providing a process for producing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which contains the following steps (a) to (e); (a) a step of allowing CGTase to act on a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid as materials, and then allowing glucoamylase to act on the resulting solution to obtain a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production of at least 27% by weight; (b) a step of purifying the resulting solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content above 86% by weight, based on dry solid material (may be abbreviated as “dsb”, the follow); (c) a step of precipitating anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from the purified solution having a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content above 86% by weight, d.s.b., by a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method; (d) a step of collecting the precipitated anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid; and (e) a step of aging, drying, and optionally spraying the collected anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside without dissolving and recrystallizing it to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside, which contains a 2-glucoside acid ascorbic acid at one level, based on dry solid material, above 98.0% by weight but below 99.9% by weight, and has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90 %, when calculated based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile of the particulate composition.
According to the process of the present invention, a particulate composition can be obtained containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which has a content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, based on dry solid material, above 98.0% by weight. weight, but below 99.9% by weight and has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90% when calculated on the basis of the powder X-ray diffraction profile of the particulate composition, precipitating acid 2- anhydrous crystalline ascorbic glycoside from a solution of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is obtained by enzymatic reactions and appropriately purifying the resulting reaction solution, by the controlled cooling method or the pseudo-controlled cooling method described later, provided that the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is at least 27% by weight in the reaction solution, even when the production yield level of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid does not reach up to 35% by weight.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained by the above process has a purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid above 98.0% by weight, but below 99.9% by weight, where the purity level is nearly equal to or less than that of a conventional quasi-drug grade 5 powder; has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid (throughout specification, simply abbreviated as "degree of crystallinity", below) as high as at least 90%; it is a powder that is significantly less prone to cake formation, compared to a near-drug grade powder; and has an advantageous solubility in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-medicines compared to a reagent grade powder due to its purity of less than 99.9% by weight of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Such a particulate composition can be easily manipulated and suitably used as a food material, food additive material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, and pharmaceutical material.
In the process according to the present invention, the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a reaction solution obtained by enzymatic reactions will preferably be at least 27% by weight, and in some cases it may be at least 35% by weight. % by weight. The process is particularly advantageous as it provides a particulate composition, which is a powder that is significantly less prone to cake formation, compared to a quasi-drug grade powder, in almost the same step as a conventional quasi-drug grade powder, except for the application of a controlled cooling method or a pseudo-controlled cooling method, even when the production yield level identified above is less than 35% by weight, i.e. at least 27% by weight but less than 35% by weight . When the prior production yield is at least 35% by weight, the process according to the present invention has the merit that it can produce a particulate composition, which is a powder that is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to a quasi-drug-grade powder, using substantially the same step as a process conventionally employed to produce a quasi-drug-grade powder, except for the application of a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method. In the process according to the present invention, wherein, in step (a) of obtaining a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with its production yield of at least 27% by weight, a starch debranching enzyme such as isoamylase and pullulanase can be used in combination with CGTase to further increase the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production in the reaction solution.
Furthermore, in the process according to the present invention, wherein, in step (b) of purifying the resulting solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content above 86% by weight, dsb, a column chromatography using an anion exchange resin as a column packing material and a simulated moving bed column chromatography using a strong acid cation exchange resin as a column packing material can also be employed. In step (b), when column chromatography using the above anion exchange resin as a column packing material and simulated moving bed column chromatography using the above strong acid cation exchange resin as a column packing material column are employed in combination, a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid above 86% by weight, dsb, can be more efficiently obtained as a merit.
Additionally, the ongoing studies of the present inventors have revealed that CGTases, capable of producing at least 27% by weight of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in reaction solutions obtained by the enzymatic reactions in step (a), have a common characteristic feature at the amino acid level. .
More specifically, the present invention also solves the above objective by providing a process for producing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid using, like the above CGTases, any CGTases with the following partial amino acid sequences from (a) to (d): (a) ) Asn-Glu-Val-Asp-X]-Asn-Asn; (b) Met-Ile-Gln-X2-Thr-Ala; (c) Pro-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Asn-Ile; and (d) Val-X3-Ser-Asn-Gly-Ser-Val. (Where Xi means Pro or Ala, X2 means Ser or Asp, and X3 means Ser or Gly, respectively).
Examples of CGTases with the above partial amino acid sequences (a) to (d) include natural and recombinant enzymes derived from microorganisms of the species Geobacillus stearothermophilus or Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes, more specifically, CGTases with any of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1 , 3, 4 and 5, which can preferably be used in the present invention.
The anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition obtained by the process of the present invention preferably contains 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a content, based on dry solid material, above 98.0% by weight, but below 99.9% by weight; has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90%, when calculated based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile of the particulate composition; contains L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose derived from the materials; contains L-ascorbic acid in a content of not more than 0.1% by weight, d.s.b.; and has a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of less than one percent by weight. Effect of the Invention
Since the process of the present invention makes it possible to produce a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to a near-drug grade powder, even in the case where the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a reaction solution obtained by enzymatic reactions is below 35% by weight, it provides a great benefit that the range of selection enzymes, particularly CGTases, used for enzymatic reactions, is expanded widely. The process of the present invention provides information regarding the partial amino acid sequences common in CGTases that effect the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid at a level of at least 27% by weight in enzymatic reactions and, therefore, it provides a merit that the classification of viable CGTases for the process of the present invention becomes feasible on the basis of partial amino acid sequences. Additionally in accordance with the process of the present invention, a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder, can be produced by a process which, in terms of steps, it is no different from the process to produce a conventional quasi-drug grade powder that uses both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid as materials, except for the use of a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method in the step from crystallization to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from a reaction solution obtained by enzymatic reactions; and therefore, a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is significantly less prone to cake formation, compared to a quasi-drug grade powder, can be produced with one time, labor, production facility, and cost that are very close to those conventionally required to produce a quasi-drug grade powder like this as a merit.
For reference, when used as a powdered food material, food additive material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, and pharmaceutical material, the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition produced by the process of the present invention exerts the merit that it can be easily preserved, stored, and handled, as well as being substantially free from causing problems in processes such as conveying, screening, and blending materials, even when used in a production plant built on the premise that the materials used in them must be fluid. , because the particulate composition, as a constituent of the pulverized materials, is significantly less prone to cake formation.
Since the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition produced by the process of the present invention can easily have its particle size distribution controlled to that required for food materials, etc., i.e., it can be controlled by those with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of at least 70 % by weight for all particulate composition and those with a particle size of at least 53 μm but less than 150 μm at a content of 40 to 60 % by weight for All particulate composition, particulate composition has the merit that it can be used as before without changing previous production steps and material patterns, even when used as a food material, food additive material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, or pharmaceutical material. Since the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, produced by the process according to the present invention, contains L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose and has an all-powder reducing power above 0% in weight but less than 1 % by weight and, despite the fact that it is a particulate composition produced from both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid as materials, it has the merit that it does not pose any risk of causing deterioration of qualities such as color change even when mixed with other substances with intramolecularly amino groups such as amino acids and proteins. Additionally, since the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition produced by the process of the present invention contains L-ascorbic acid in a content above 0% by weight but below 0.1% by weight, it per se It does not present any risk of taking color into discolored brown even when stored alone for a relatively long period of time, and it can be used as a food material, food additive material, cosmetic material, quasi-drug material, and pharmaceutical material such as a substantially colorless white powder. Brief Description of Drawings
FIG. 1 is an example of an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with characteristic X-rays for a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, consisting substantially of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
FIG. 2 is an example of an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with characteristic X-rays for a particulate composition containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, consisting substantially of amorphous 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
FIG. 3 is an example of a powder X-ray diffraction pattern with synchroton radiation for a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, consisting substantially of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
FIG. 4 is an example of X-ray powder diffraction pattern with synchroton radiation for a particulate composition containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, consisting substantially of amorphous 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
FIG. 5 is a FIG. of the structure and restriction enzyme recognition sites of a recombinant DNA "pRSET-IBTC12", which contains a CGTase gene derived from the Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 used in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a FIG. of cooling patterns. Best Way to Carry Out the Invention 1. Definition of terms
Throughout the specification, the following terms have the meaning given below: <Degree of crystallinity>
The terms "a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid" as referred to in the specification mean a value defined by the following formula [1]. Formula [1]:
Hioo: An analytical value for a degree of crystallinity, determined based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile for a pulverized standard sample containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, where the pulverized standard sample consists substantially of 2-glycoside acid anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid. Ho: An analytical value for a degree of crystallinity, determined based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile for a pulverized standard sample containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, where the pulverized standard sample consists substantially of an amorphous form of acid 2 -ascorbic glycoside. Hs: An analytical value for a degree of crystallinity, determined based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile for, as a test sample, a powder containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
In Formula [1], the X-ray powder diffraction profiles for the basis of determining analytical values Hioo, Ho and Hs can normally be determined by an X-ray powder diffractometer equipped with a reflective or transmissive optical system. X-ray powder diffraction profiles contain data for diffraction angles and diffraction intensities of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid contained in a test or standard sample. Examples of a method for determining analytical data for the crystallinity degrees of such samples based on their X-ray powder diffraction profiles include, for example, Hermans method, Vonk method, etc. Among these, the Hermans method is preferable because of its ease and accuracy. Since any of these analytical methods have now been provided as computer software, any X-ray powder diffractometer equipped with an analytical apparatus installed with any of the above computer software may be favorably used.
As “a pulverized standard sample containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, where the pulverized standard sample consists substantially of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid”, to determine the analytical value Hioo, an anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid must be used in the form of a powder or single crystal, which has a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of at least 99.9% by weight (throughout the specification, "% by weight" is abbreviated as "%", unless otherwise stated otherwise specified, but "%" related to degree of crystallinity shall not be limited thereto), exhibits characteristic diffraction peaks inherent in anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, and consists substantially of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Examples thereof in the form of a powder or single crystal include the reagent grade powder identified above, a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained by recrystallizing the reagent grade powder, and anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the form of a simple crystal. For reference, when analyzed with computer software for Herman's methods, an X-ray powder diffraction profile of the pulverized standard sample of the previously identified particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, consisting substantially of 2- anhydrous crystalline ascorbic glycoside, gives an analytical value Hioo, typically ranging from about 70.2% to about 70.5%.
As “a pulverized standard sample containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, where the pulverized standard sample consists substantially of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid” to determine the analytical value Ho, a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the form of a powder, which has a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of at least 99.1%, exhibits an X-ray powder diffraction pattern consisting only of halo inherent in its amorphous form, and exhibits substantially no diffraction peaks characteristic inherent in anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Examples of such a powder include those which are obtained by dissolving the pulverized standard sample identified above to determine the aforementioned Hioo analytical value in an appropriate amount of purified water, concentrating the solution, lyophilizing the concentrate, and drying the resultant in vacuo to give a moisture content of 2.0% or less when determined by the Karl Fischer method. With these treatments, it is known from experience that a powder consisting substantially of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is obtained. For reference, when analyzed with computer software for Herman's methods, an X-ray powder diffraction profile of the previously identified pulverized standard sample containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, consisting substantially of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside acid ascorbic acid gives an analytical value Ho, typically ranging from about 7.3% to about 7.6%.
As a standard sample to determine the analytical Ho value, it goes without saying that a higher purity 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is preferable, however, the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of a standard sample used to determine the HQ analytical value, prepared from the standard sample used to determine the H]00 analytical value as mentioned above, is limited to 99.1% even though the purity of the standard sample used to determine the H100 analytical value is distinctly as high as 99.9% or more, as shown in Experiment 1-1 described later. Thus, the purity of "a pulverized standard sample containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, where the pulverized standard sample substantially consists of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid" is adjusted to 99.1% or more as mentioned above. <Average crystallite diameter>
In general, a powder particle in a crystal-containing powder has been recognized to consist of single crystals, i.e. crystallites. It is speculated that the crystallite size (crystallite diameter) in a crystalline powder is reflected in its property. The terms "an average crystallite diameter for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid" as referred to in the specification means an average of crystallite diameters calculated respectively by subjecting a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside to an X-ray diffraction analysis on dust; selecting five diffraction peaks among diffraction peaks detected in the obtained X-ray powder diffraction patterns, that is, those of diffraction peaks (see symbols “a” to “e” in FIG. 1) at diffraction angles (20) from 10.4° (Miller's index (hkl): 120), 13.2° (Miller's index (hkl): 130), 18.3° (Miller's index (hkl): 230), 21 .9 0 (Miller index (hkl):060), and 22.6° (Miller index (hkl): 131), which located in a relatively low-angle region that should be less disruptive for diffraction peak width due to heterogeneous crystallite strain, which were well separated from the other diffraction peaks; calibrating the respective half widths (full widths at half maximum) and diffraction angles based on measured values determined when silicon (“SI640C”, provided by NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology, as a standard sample for ray-ray diffraction). X) is used as a standard sample; and calculating the respective averages of crystallite diameters with the Scherrer equation shown in the following formula [2]: Formula [2]: [Equation 2]
D : Crystallite size (Â) 2 : X-ray wavelength (Â) β : Diffraction line width (rad) θ : Diffraction angle (°) K : Constant (0.9 when a half width (a full width at half maximum) is used for β)
Once a commonly used X-ray powder diffractometer has been installed with computer software to calculate such crystallite diameters, an average crystallite diameter of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is relatively easily determined, provided that a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is available. Prior to measurement for powder X-ray diffraction pattern, each test sample is pulverized in a mortar and sieved through a 53 μm sieve to obtain a powder passed through the sieve for use. <Reducing power>
The terms “a reducing power of the entire particulate composition” as referred to in the specification means a percentage (%) of the reducing saccharide content to the total sugar content in a test sample, calculated by the following formula [3] based on the content of reducing sugar and total sugar content in terms of D-glucose determined by the Somogyi-Nelson method and the anthrone-sulfuric acid method widely used in the art, where D-glucose is used as a standard substance. Formula [3]:
<Particle Size Distribution>
In the specification, the particle size distribution of a particulate composition is determined as follows: Metal sieves with aperture sizes of 425, 300, 212, 150, 106, 75 and 53 μm, produced by Kabushiki Gaisha Lida Seisaku-sho, Tokyo, Japan, which conform to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS Z 8801-1), are correctly weighed, stacked in the order identified above, and mounted on “Rl”, a product name of a ro-tap sieve shaker, produced by Kabushiki Gaisha Tanaka Kagaku Kikai Seisaku-sho, Osaka, Japan. A prescribed amount of the weighed sample is placed on the highest sieve (with an aperture size of 425 μm) in the stacked sieves, followed by shaking the sieves for 15 minutes while maintaining at the same time the stacked state. Then, each of the stacked sieves was correctly weighed again, and the weight of the sample collected on each of the sieves was determined by subtracting the weight of each of the sieves before loading the sample from the weight of the corresponding sieve after shaking. Then, particle size distributions are expressed by calculating the weight percentage (%) of each of the weights of the particulate compositions with respective particle sizes collected on each of the sieves for the weight of the sample loaded on the highest sieve. <2-Ascorbic Acid Production Yield>
The terms "a yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production" as referred to in the specification mean a content (%) of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, in a solution of the enzymatic reaction obtained by letting enzymes such as CGTase act in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid. <Content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, d.s.b.>
The terms "a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content, d.s.b." means a percentage (%) by weight of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to the total weight of a sample containing the same when calculated excluding moisture. For example, the meaning of a content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, d.s.b., in a solution is a percentage by weight of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to the total solids contents remaining, excluding the water contained in the solution. Although the meaning of a content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, in a particulate composition is a weight percentage of the weight of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to the total weight of the particulate composition, when calculated with respect to the residue of the particulate composition excluding moisture contained therein as the total weight of the particulate composition. <CGTase Activity>
The terms "CGTase activity" as referred to in the specification are defined as follows: to five milliliters of an aqueous substrate solution containing 0.3% (w/v) of a soluble starch, 20 mM acetate buffer (pH 5, 5) and 1 mM calcium chloride, 0.2 mL of a properly diluted enzyme solution is added, and the resulting substrate solution is kept at 40°C, and sampled at 0 minutes and 10 minutes after starting the enzyme reaction in the respective amounts of 0.5 mL, followed by the immediate addition of 15 mL of 0.02 N sulfuric acid solution to each sample to stop the enzymatic reaction. Each of the resulting sulfuric acid solutions is mixed with 0.2 mL of 0.1 N iodine solution to reveal colors, and after 10 minutes the colored solutions are respectively measured for absorbance at a wavelength of 660 nm. by an absorption meter, followed by calculating the CGTase activity using the following formula [4] as a starch hydrolysing activity. A CGTase unit activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that completely diminishes the color of iodine from 15 mg of starch in a solution. Formula [4]: [Equation 4]
Note: “Aa” means absorbance at a wavelength of 660 nm of a reaction solution at 0 minutes after starting the enzymatic reaction. “Ab” means the absorbance at a wavelength of 660 nm of a reaction solution at 10 minutes after starting the enzymatic reaction. <Isoamylase activity>
The terms "isoamylase activity" as referred to in the specification are defined as follows: at three milliliters of an aqueous substrate solution containing 0.83% (w/v) Lintner-soluble waxy corn starch and 0. 1 M (pH 3.5) is added 0.5 mL of a properly diluted enzyme solution, and the resulting substrate solution is kept at 40°C and sampled at 0.5 minutes and 30.5 minutes after starting the enzymatic reaction in the respective amounts of 0.5 mL, followed by the immediate addition of 15 mL of 0.02 N sulfuric acid solution to each sample to stop the enzymatic reaction. Each of the resulting sulfuric acid solutions is mixed with 0.5 mL of 0.01 N iodine solution to reveal colors at 25°C for 15 minutes, and then the colored solutions are respectively measured for absorbance over a length of 610 nm waveform by an absorption meter, followed by calculating the isoamylase activity using the following formula [5] as a starch hydrolyzing activity. An isoamylase unit activity is defined as an amount of enzyme that increases the absorbance by 0.004 at a wavelength of 610 nm under the above measurement conditions. Formula [5]: [Equation 5]
Note: “Aa” means the absorbance of a reaction solution at a wavelength of 610 nm. “Ab” means the absorbance of a control solution at a wavelength of 610 nm. <Pululanase Activity>
The terms "pululanase activity" as referred to in the specification are defined as follows: A 1.25% (w/v) aqueous pullulan solution (a reagent for pullulanase activity, available from Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan ) is provided as an aqueous substrate solution. Four milliliters of the aqueous substrate solution and 0.5 mL of 0.05 M phosphate-buffered saline-citric acid (pH 5.8) were placed in a test tube and preheated to 30°C. 0.5 mL of an enzyme solution was added to the test tube, which was properly diluted with 0.01 M acetate buffer (pH 6.0) and the resulting substrate solution was incubated at 30°C and sampled in the respective amounts of 0.5 mL at 0.5 minutes (a control solution) and 30.5 minutes (a reaction solution), followed by promptly adding each of the sampled solutions to two milliliters of Somogyi copper solution to stop the reaction, subjecting each resulting solution to the Somogyi-Nelson method, determining the absorbance of each solution at a wavelength of 520 nm by an absorption meter to measure the reducing power formed, and calculating the value as a pullulan decomposition activity by the following formula [ 6], A pullulanase unit activity is defined as an amount of enzyme that releases a reducing power corresponding to one micromol of maltotriose per minute. Formula [6]: [Equation 6]
Note: “Aa” means the absorbance of a reaction solution at a wavelength of 520 nm. “Ab” means the absorbance of a control solution at a wavelength of 520 nm. “Ac” means the absorbance of a standard solution at a wavelength of 520 nm. D-Glucose (100 μg/mL) is used for a standard solution. <Controlled cooling method>
The terms “a method of controlled cooling” as referred to in the specification mean a method for precipitating crystals by “a controlled cooling” and means a method of cooling where the temperature of the liquid “T” at time “t” is basically expressed by the following formula [7], where “T” is the operating time established for a crystallization step, “To” is the temperature of the liquid at the beginning of crystallization, and “Tf” is the temperature of the liquid targeted at the end of crystallization.Formula [7]: [Equation 7]

When a controlled cooling method is expressed more concretely (schematic) with a graph, it is expressed with “a” in FIG. 6, where the abscissa axis corresponds to the operating time established as a crystallization step and the longitudinal axis corresponds to the temperature of the liquid at crystallization. As shown in symbol “a” in FIG. 6 according to a method of controlled cooling, the temperature of the liquid gradually decreases in the initial phase of crystallization in which the temperature is relatively high, but it promptly decreases in the last phase in which the temperature of the liquid has decreased to a certain extent. In this way, the temperature of the liquid “Tm” at the time of t=r/2, that is, at the midpoint of the crystallization step, is maintained at least at the connection of Tm > [(To -Tf)/2 + Tf] ( or the temperature change at the midpoint of the crystallization step is less than 50% of the total temperature change). In the pattern of change of liquid temperature as a function of time, the controlled cooling method is clearly distinct from both a linear cooling method (the symbol “b” in FIG. 6) where the temperature of the liquid decreases linearly with time” T” of the liquid temperature To aTf, and a usual unforced cooling method (the symbol “c” in FIG. 6) where the liquid temperature drops exponentially and promptly in the initial phase of crystallization in which the liquid temperature is relatively high, but gradually decreases in the last phase of the crystallization step in which the temperature of the liquid was lowered. To change the temperature of the liquid “T” as a function of the time “t” represented in the previous Formula [7], for example, a general purpose programmed constant circulator commercialized for crystallization system, etc., can be used.
When such a controlled cooling method is applied to the crystallization step, after the addition of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid seed crystals, the liquid temperature reduction is gradually carried out in the initial phase of crystallization, and therefore a ready increase The degree of supersaturation of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and the formation of a secondary crystal nucleation on cooling are both inhibited and crystal growth from seed crystals added as crystal nuclei can predominantly be continued. However, in the last phase of the crystallization step in which crystals have been completely generated from the seed crystals added as crystal nuclei, the homogeneously formed crystals are allowed to grow all together by promptly decreasing the temperature of the liquid, and hence it gives the merit that a controlled cooling method provides a baked mass containing crystals with a homogeneous particle size and a smaller amount of microcrystals. For reference, “Controlled cooling method” is described in detail in “Wakariyasui-Batch-Shosekí” (Accessible Batch Crystalization), p. 32-47, edited by Noriaki KUBOTA, published by the Society of Separation Process Engineers, Japan, published April 30, 2010. <Pseudo-controlled cooling method>
The term “a method of pseudo-controlled cooling” as referred to in the specification literally means a method of cooling that is artificially similar to the previously identified controlled cooling method, in that the temperature of the liquid “T” is not strictly changed as a function of time. “t” according to the previous Formula [7], and more specifically it means a method of cooling in which the temperature of the liquid “T” is decreased linearly or stepwise as a function of time “t” in order to maintain the variation ( T0-Tm) of the temperature of the liquid “T” at point “t=x/2” to have at least 5% but less than 50% of the total temperature change (T0-Tf), preferably at least 10%, but less than 30%, by virtue, varying depending on the content of the seed crystals, the purity, concentration, and degree of supersaturation (as0-Tm) of the temperature of the liquid “T” at the point “t=r/2” to have at least less than 5% but less than 50% of the total temperature change (T0-Tf ), the temperature of liquid “T” gradually decreases 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid used in crystallization, it is preferable that crystal nuclei are almost completely generated at the time of operation “t=r/2” (at the midpoint in the crystallization step). In the case of letting the temperature of the liquid “T” decrease linearly or stepwise as a function of time “t” in order to adjust the variation (test the time “t” in the initial phase of crystallization in which the temperature of the liquid is relatively high , while the temperature of the liquid “T” promptly decreases as a function of time “t” in the last phase of the crystallization step in which the temperature of the liquid has decreased to some extent. As a result, it may be slightly lower than the cooling method However, a pseudo-controlled cooling method provides substantially the same merit as the controlled cooling method, where the pseudo-controlled cooling method allows to provide a baked mass containing crystals with a smaller amount of microcrystals and a homogeneous particle size.
Concretely speaking, for example, the temperature of the liquid "T" is allowed to decrease linearly or stepwise as a function of time "t" in such a way as to divide the operating time "T" into at least two, preferably at least three zones and then, in a zone of the initial phase of the crystallization step, allowing the cooling thermal gradient to gradually decrease (to lower the cooling rate); and, as it changes from the initial phase or the intermediate phase to the last phase, allowing the thermal gradient to increase (to increase the rate of cooling) to make the variation (T0-Tm) of the temperature of the liquid “T ” at point “t=r/2” is at least 5% but less than 50% of the total temperature change (T0-Tf), preferably at least 10% but less than 30%. In the case where the variation (T0-Tm) of the temperature of the liquid “T” at the point “t=r/2” is at least 50 % of the total temperature change (To-Tf), the cooling rate in the initial phase of the crystallization step is so rapid as to possibly readily increase the degree of supersaturation by cooling to form the secondary crystal nuclei; while in the case less than 5%, the cooling rate in the initial phase of the crystallization step is as low as to enter the last phase of the crystallization step, where a prompt cooling will start before the completion of sufficiently forming crystals from the seed crystals. added as crystal cores. In any case, it is impossible to obtain a baked mass containing crystals with a smaller amount of microcrystals and a homogeneous particle size.
To conduct the controlled cooling method as described above, the temperature of the liquid “T” should be changed as a function of the time “t” represented in Formula [7], and an apparatus or a crystallizer, which can control the temperature of the liquid by a preset program is essential; however, according to a pseudo-controlled cooling method, the temperature of the liquid “T” can be decreased linearly or stepwise as a function of time “t” in order to adjust the variation (T0-Tm) of the temperature of the liquid “T” at the point “t=x/2” at a level of at least 5% but less than 50% of the total temperature change (T0-Tf), preferably at least 10% but less than 30% so that a method of Pseudo-controlled cooling like this has the merit that it can be conducted relatively easily, even in the case where no installation exists that controls the temperature of the liquid correctly. 2. Particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained by the process of the present invention
The following explains the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained by the process of the present invention. <Contents of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and other impurities>
As described above, the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition obtained by the process of the present invention is one that contains 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a content, based on dry solid material, above 98.0%, but below 99.9%. In a preferred embodiment, the above particulate composition contains L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose derived from the materials and has a reducing power above 0% but below 1%. Also known, since L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose have a reducing power and they induce brown coloration when heated in the presence of a compound with an amino group intramolecularly such as amino acids and proteins, these substances are preferably not incorporated into the acid 2 -anhydrous crystalline ascorbic glycoside as a product. However, for example, in the case of producing a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid through a step of allowing an enzyme such as CGTase to act in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid, in a greater or lesser amount, both intact L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose derived from the liquefied starch or dextrin material are inevitably incorporated as reaction concomitants into a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid as a product. For example, since, in a conventional quasi-drug grade powder, the total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose contained therein could still reach about one percent, dsb, an unexpected brown color could be induced when the powder is used as a food material.
In the process according to the present invention, an unavoidably unavoidable incorporation of L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose is accepted and, in a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, the reducing power of the entire particulate composition is regulated below 1%, and particularly above 0%, but below 1%. As shown in the experiment described later, in the case of producing a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by the process according to the present invention, the reducing power of the entire particulate composition can be easily adjusted above 0%, but below of 1%. Although the particulate composition contains L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose, it does not substantially induce browning, even when heated in the presence of a compound with an amino group intramolecularly such as amino acids and proteins, always reducing the entire composition. particulate matter is above 0% but below 1%. Thus, a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which contains L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose and has a reducing power of the entire particulate composition above 0% but below 1%, has the merit that it can be mixed with food products, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and pharmaceuticals in general without fear of causing discolouration or color change. Additionally, in case the reducing power of the entire particulate composition is below 1%, the content of L-ascorbic acid contained therein is not more than 0.1%, d.s.b.
The anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition obtained by the process of the present invention contains L-ascorbic acid in a content of not more than 0.1%, dsb, particularly above 0%, but not more than 0 ,1 %. As L-ascorbic acid was used in food products, etc. as an antioxidant or deoxidizer, it is highly susceptible to reacting with oxygen. Thus, it is considered that, when heated in the coexistence of a compound with an amino(s) group intramolecularly, L-ascorbic acid not only induces brown coloration, but is deeply related to the coloration of the particulate composition containing L-ascorbic acid per se. . Indeed, as shown in the experiment described later, a quasi-drug grade powder contains about 0.2% L-ascorbic acid, and based on the present inventors' discovery, such a quasi-drug grade powder often causes a phenomenon that it per se takes on discolored brown colors when stored for a relatively long period of time in the form of the aforementioned product. On the contrary, in the event that the content of L-ascorbic acid in the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is above 0%, but not more than 0.1%, the particulate composition per se does not present any risk of being discolored brown, even when stored for a relatively long period of time in a product form similar to a quasi-medicine grade powder. According to the process of the present invention, it can be relatively easily to produce the L-ascorbic acid content in a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid at a level above 0%, but not more than 0.1 % without increasing the cost of production by sequentially employing a column chromatography using an anion exchange resin to remove saccharides such as D-glucose and a column chromatography using a cation exchange resin or a porous exchange resin in the purification step, particularly , in the case of using a simulated moving bed column chromatography as a column chromatography using a cation exchange resin. <Grade of crystallinity and average crystallite diameter>
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained by the process of the present invention has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90% when calculated based on the powder X-ray diffraction profile. of the particulate composition, and has an average crystallite diameter of at least 1,400 Å but less than 1,710 Å. As shown by the following experiments, the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of the present invention, which has levels above the degree of crystallinity and average crystallite diameter, has substantially the same level of purity as 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, i.e. the content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, or does not reach the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid as in a reagent grade powder, however, it has characteristics that it significantly more difficult to cake compared to a quasi-drug grade powder, and compared to a reagent grade powder, it has superior solubility in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-drugs. <Particle Size Distribution>
In a preferred embodiment of the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition obtained by the process of the present invention, it contains particles with a particle size of less than 150 μm in a content of 70% or more of the entire particulate composition, and contains those with a particle size of 53 μm or more, but less than 150 μm at a content of 40 to 60% of the entire particulate composition. Since the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition of the present invention can be, for example, easily controlled within the previously identified particle size distribution required for materials for food products, etc., it has the merit that It can be used as a material for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, or pharmaceuticals similarly as conventional without changing any conventional production steps or material regulations. 3. Process for producing the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition of the present invention
The following explains the process for producing the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition of the present invention.
The process for producing the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition of the present invention basically comprises the following steps (a) to (e): (a) a step of allowing CGTase to act in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid, and then allowing glucoamylase to act on the resulting mixture to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and obtain a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid as a reaction mixture after treatment with glucoamylase in a yield of acid production 2 -ascorbic glycoside of at least 10%, (b) a step of purifying the solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content above 86% by weight, dsb; (c) a step of precipitating anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from the purified solution having a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content above 86% by weight, d.s.b., by a controlled cooling method or pseudocontrolled cooling method; (d) a step of collecting the precipitated anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid; and (e) a step of aging, drying, and optionally spraying the collected anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside without dissolving and recrystallizing it to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which contains 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. at a content, based on dry solid material, above 98.0% by weight, but below 99.9% by weight, and has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90% , when calculated based on the powder X-ray diffraction analysis profile of the particulate composition. Each step is explained below: <Step (a)>
Step (a) is to increase the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a reaction solution to a level of at least 27% by allowing CGTase to act in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid and then allow glucoamylase to work on the resulting mixture. The materials and enzymes used are explained first and then the enzymatic reactions employed are explained. A. Materials and enzymes used (L-Ascorbic Acid)
Examples of the L-ascorbic acid used in the present invention include any form of a hydroxy acid or a metal salt thereof such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts thereof, and even mixtures thereof can be used without difficulty. (Liquefied starch or dextrin)
Examples of the liquefied starch or dextrin used in the present invention include those obtained by liquefying potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch, etc., with a thermostable α-amylase. By conducting such an enzymatic reaction, CGTase can be used in combination, for example, with starch debranching enzyme(s) such as isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68) and pullulanase (EC 3.3.1.41) to debranch the sites of starch debranching. Such liquefied starch and dextrin are suitable materials for industrial scale production compared to cyclodextrins and amyloses. (CGTase)
Examples of the CGTase (EC 2.4.1.19) used in the present invention include any of those that are of natural origin, those that are obtained by recombinant technology, and mutant enzymes obtained by introducing a substitution, addition, or deletion modification of an amino acid(s) in natural or recombinant enzymes, without particular restriction to their origins and sources, provided they form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a production yield of at least 27% when left alone or in combination with a starch debranching enzyme to act on a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid and then glucoamylase can naturally act on the resulting mixture.
In accordance with the present inventors' discovery, CGTases, which form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a production yield of at least 27% when left alone or in combination with a starch debranching enzyme to act in a solution containing both liquefied starch how much dextrin and L-ascorbic acid and then glucoamylase can act naturally in the resulting mixture, it normally has the following common partial amino acid sequences represented by (a) to (d): (a) Asn-Glu-Val-Asp-Xi-Asn -Asn; (b) Met-Ile-Gln-X2-Thr-Ala; (c) Pro-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Asn-Ile; and (d) Val-X3-Ser-Asn-Gly-Ser-Val. (Where X] means Pro or Ala, X2 means Ser or Asp, and X3 means Ser or Gly, respectively).
Examples of such CGTases include, for example, those that are natural or recombinant enzymes derived from microorganisms of the species Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes, and concrete examples of such include a CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, i.e., a CGTase with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, CGTase mutants prepared by introducing a substitution, addition, or deletion modification of an amino acid(s) by recombinant technology into the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, i.e., a Mutant CGTase having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5, a CGTase having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes, and CGTase mutants thereof.
The Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 identified above is the microorganism disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai No. 63189/75 (Japanese Patent Descriptive Report No. 27791/78) applied by the same applicant as the present invention, and it was once deposited domestically. on July 30, 1973, under accession number FERM-P 2225 and is currently deposited at the International Patent Organism Depositary in National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1, Higashi 1-chome , Tsukuba-shi, Ibarakiken, 305-8566 Japan, with FERM accession number BP-11273. For reference, CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 is known to have a molecular weight of about 68,000 daltons and to have a stronger saccharide transfer action than CGTases derived from other microorganisms. The previously identified CGTase gene was cloned and the amino acid sequence of a matured CGTase (the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1) was determined based on the nucleotide sequence (the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2) of the gene, and it was known that there are four conserved regions, recognized as commonly existing in enzymes classified as a-amylase family, in the amino acid sequence of CGTase. The three-dimensional conformation of CGTase has already been revealed by X-ray crystalline structural analysis. The three catalytic residues of CGTase, i.e., the 225th aspartic acid (D225), the 253rd glutamic acid (E253), and the 324th aspartic acid (D324) in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 were also disclosed. (See, for example, “Kogyoyo-Toshitsu-Koso-HandboolG (Handbook of Industrial Enzymes for Saccharides), edited by Kodansha Scientific Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, published by Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, pp. 56-63, 1999).
Concrete examples of a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes species include "TORUZYME 3.0L", a product name of an enzyme produced as a recombinant CGTase enzyme derived from the aforementioned microorganism, marketed by Novozymes Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. The physicochemical properties and amino acid sequence of a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes were also revealed. (Starch Debranching Enzyme)
When CGTase can act naturally in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid, a starch debranching enzyme can be used in combination to increase the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production. As a preferred starch debranching enzyme, isoamylase is particularly preferable because it is easily manipulated in terms of its enzymatic activity, substrate specificity, etc. Examples of such an isoamylase include, for example, those that are derived from microorganisms of the species Pseudomonas amyloderamosa, Bacillus sp., Flavobacterium sp., and mutant isoamylases obtained by genetically modifying the genes of the previously identified microorganisms. “GODO-FIA”, a product name of a specimen of isoamylase produced by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, can be used as an isoamylase derived from a microorganism of the species Flavobacterium odor tuna.
Examples of pullulanase include those that are derived from microorganisms of the species Bacillus sp., Bacillus acidopullulyticas, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Flavobacterium pennivorans, and Enterobacter aerogenes. <Glucoamylase>
Any glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) can be used without specific restriction regardless of its origin and source and include those in the form of a natural enzyme and those obtained by recombinant DNA technology, provided that 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is formed when CGTase acts. naturally in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid and then glucoamylase acts naturally on the resulting mixture.
Since glucoamylase is normally added to an enzyme reaction solution after the solution is heated to suspend the CGTase saccharide transfer reaction, those that can exert sufficient enzyme activity for actual use at a relatively high temperature are desired, e.g. for example, about 40°C to about 60°C, in order to save the energy and time needed to cool the enzymatic reaction solution after heating. When glucoamylase to be used contains α-glucosidase, the resulting 2-glycoside ascorbic acid formed will be hydrolyzed and therefore, glucoamylases substantially free of α-glucosidase are desirably used. Any glucoamylase can be used regardless of its source and purity, as long as it meets the above requirements, for example, a commercially available glucoamylase preparation derived from a microorganism of the genus Rhizopus (“GLUCOZYME #20000”, a product name of a commercially available enzyme by Nagase ChemteX Corp., Osaka, Japan); and an enzyme preparation derived from a microorganism of the genus Aspergillus ("GLUCZYME AF6", a product name of an enzyme marketed by Amano Enzyme Inc., Aichi, Japan), may preferably be used. B. Enzymatic reactions
Next, the saccharide transfer reaction to L-ascorbic acid is explained. CGTase can act naturally in a solution, typically an aqueous solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid. When CGTase can act naturally in an aqueous solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid, one or more D-glucose residues are transferred to the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of L-ascorbic acid, resulting in the formation of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a D-glucose residue attached to the hydroxyl group at the cited C-2 position, and other α-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids, such as 2-Oα-maltosyl-L-ascorbic acid, 2- Oa-maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, and 2-Oa-maltotetraosyl-L-ascorbic acid, which have at least two D-glucose residues attached to the hydroxyl group at the cited C-2 position.
CGTase is normally added to an aqueous solution, which has normally been prepared by dissolving both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid in water to give a substrate concentration of 1 to 40%, at a content of 1 to 500 units/g substrate, followed by an enzymatic reaction at a pH of about 3 to about 10 and a temperature of 30 to 70°C for at least six hours, preferably about 12 to about 96 hours. Since L-ascorbic acid is susceptible to oxidation, the solution should preferably be kept under anaerobic or reducing conditions during the enzymatic reaction, still shielding from light and optionally coexisting, for example, with a reducing agent such as bull or hydrogen sulfide. in the reaction solution.
The weight ratio, d.s.b., of both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid in the solution should preferably be set at 8:2 to 3:7. When the ratio of L-ascorbic acid to liquefied starch or dextrin exceeds the aforementioned range, transfer of saccharide to L-ascorbic acid effectively takes place; however, the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is restricted by the initial concentration of L-ascorbic acid to remain at a relatively low level. However, when the ratio of L-ascorbic acid exceeds the quoted range, intact L-ascorbic acid will remain in a considerable amount, and this is not preferable for industrial scale production. In this way, the previously identified ratio range is considered the best.
In addition to CGTase, in the case of using isoamylase as a starch debranching enzyme, such isoamylase should preferably be allowed to act on both liquefied starch and dextrin in coexistence with CGTase in a solution containing both liquefied starch and dextrin and L-ascorbic acid, wherein the amount of isoamylase to be added is typically 200 to 2500 units/g substrate and is enzymatically reacted at a temperature of 55°C or less, varying depending on the type, ideal temperature, and ideal pH of the isoamylase used. When pullulanase is used as a starch debranching enzyme, it can normally be used in an amount from 1 to 500 units/g substrate depending on the case of isoamylase.
After the enzymatic reaction with CGTase alone or together with a starch debranching enzyme is completed as a whole, the resulting enzyme reaction solution is instantly heated to inactivate the CGTase alone or together with the starch debranching enzyme to suspend the( s) enzymatic reaction(s), then allowing glucoamylase to act on the resulting enzymatic reaction solution. By the action of glucoamylase, a chain of two or more D-glucose residues linked in the hydroxyl group at the C-2 position of L-ascorbic acid is cleaved to transform α-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids such as 2-Oα-maltosyl acid - ascorbic acid and 2-Oa-maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid into 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. <Step (b)>
Step (b) is to purify the solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained from step (a) above to increase the content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid above 86%, d.s.b.; the solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained in step (a) is decolorized with an activated carbon, etc., filtered, followed by desalting the resulting filtrate with a cation exchange resin and applying the desalted solution to column chromatography to purify the solution to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content, based on dry solid material, above 86%, preferably up to 88% or more. As a column chromatography used for such purification, basically any column chromatography can be used, as long as it increases the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a solution above 86%, dsb, however, preferred examples of such is a chromatography of column using a cation exchange resin or porous resin, which is then followed by column chromatography using an anion exchange resin to remove saccharides such as D-glucose. Examples of anion exchange resins desired to remove saccharides such as D-glucose include such as "AMBERLITE IRA411S" and "AMBERLITE IRA478RF" (both of which are available from Rohm & Hass Company, Philadelphia, USA); and “DIAION WA30” (sold by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Examples of cation exchange resins desired to separate 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from L-ascorbic acid include "DOWEX 50WX8" (available from Dow Chemical Co., Midland, USA); “AMBERLITE CG120” (sold by Rohm & Hass Company, Philadelphia, USA); “XT-1022E” (available from Tokyo Organic Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan); and “DIAION SK104” and “DIAION UBK 550” (both of which are marketed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Examples of desired porous resins include such as "TOYOPEARL HW-40" (available from Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan); and “CELLFINE GH-25” (sold by Chisso Corp., Tokyo, Japan). In the case of conducting column chromatography using a cation exchange resin or porous resin, preferable conditions are as follows: the solids concentration of a solution of material to be fed into a column is about 10 to about 50%, dsb, the loading volume for a resin is about 1/1000 to about 1/20 times the volume of wet resin, and purified water in an amount roughly equal to the volume of wet resin is fed into the column at a linear rate of 0.5 to 5 m/hour. Among these, in the case of using a simulated moving bed column chromatography as a column chromatography using a cation exchange resin, such a column chromatography is preferable in virtue of increasing the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the purified product. resultant and reduce concomitants such as L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose, particularly, reduce the L-ascorbic acid content and provide a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with an L-ascorbic acid content as low as 0 .1% or less, dsb For reference, varying depending on the operating temperature and predetermined flow rate, preferable elution conditions for a simulated moving bed column chromatography, where a cation exchange resin is used as a packaging material, are as follows: the concentration of a solution, containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, fed in the above column chromatography is 60% or less; the loading volume of a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is 1/20 times the volume or below the volume of wet resin; and the volume of purified water used as an eluent is up to 30 times by volume, typically about 3 to about 20 times by volume of the previous batch volume.
When the content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, in the solution is 86% or less, it is difficult to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90%, even when passed through follow-up steps (c) to (e). It is conjectured that the reason is that when the content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, in the solution is 86% or less, the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the resulting particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, obtained in the subsequent steps is relatively low and this prevents its smooth crystallization.
The solution which has been purified to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content, based on dry solid material, above 86%, preferably 88% or more, is concentrated to give a prescribed concentration, usually a concentration of about 65 to about 85% 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, prior to the crystallization step to anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The temperature of the concentrate is normally controlled at about 30 to about 45°C. The concentrate with this concentration and temperature corresponds to a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid containing the solution with a degree of supersaturation of 1.05 to 1.50. <Step (c)>
Step (c) is to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from a solution containing above 86%, preferably 88% or more, d.s.b., of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method; the solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which has been previously purified and concentrated to a prescribed purity and concentration and controlled at a temperature prescribed in step (b), is transferred to a crystallizer, mixed with 0.1 to 5% (p. /v), preferably 0.5 to 2% (w/v) of the seed crystals of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, and gently agitated, followed by gradually lowering the temperature of the liquid in the initial phase of the crystallization step and lowering temperature of the liquid in the last phase of the crystallization step by a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method to carry out the crystallization. Although the time required for crystallization varies depending on the content of the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid seed crystals to be added, for example, in the case of a pseudo-controlled cooling method, the total time required for crystallization can be divided into at least two zones, preferably at least three zones, wherein in each zone the temperature of the liquid decreases roughly in a linear fashion as a function of time, the temperature of the liquid "T" preferably will decrease linearly or gradually as a function of time "t" such that let the variation (T0-Tm) of the temperature of the liquid “T” at the operating time point “t=r/2” (at the midpoint of the crystallization step) be at least 5% but less than 50%, preferably at least 10% but less than 30% of the total temperature change (T0-Tf). For example, when crystals are precipitated by cooling the solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from 40°C to 15°C for 48 hours, the cooling time can be divided into two zones of 36 and 12 hours, where the solution is preferably cooled from 40°C to 30°C in 36 hours and then cooled from 30°C to 15°C in 12 hours, or the solution is also preferably cooled from 40°C to 35°C in 30 hours and then cooled from 35 °C to 15 °C for 18 hours. More preferably, the cooling time can be divided into three zones of 24, 12 and 12 hours, where the solution is preferably successively cooled from 40°C to 35°C in 24 hours in the first zone, cooled from 35°C. °C to 27.5 °C in 12 hours in the next zone, and then cooled from 27.5 °C to 15 °C in 12 hours in the last zone.
In this way, according to a controlled cooling method or a pseudo-controlled cooling method, a baked dough can be obtained, which hardly generates anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid microcrystals and contains crystals with a substantially homogeneous crystalline diameter, compared with a method of crystallization that non-forcefully cools the solution without controlling the temperature. As described later, the particulate composition obtained containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid has the characteristic features of having both a higher purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and a higher degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid which must be a important index for cake formation compared to a powder obtained by a non-forced cooling method. In the case of a controlled cooling method or a pseudo-controlled cooling method, it has the merit of obtaining a particulate composition with a more homogeneous particle size distribution than a powder obtained by an unforced cooling crystallization method. <Step (d)>
This step is to collect the crystallized anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside from the baked mass obtained in crystallization step (c) according to a conventional solid-liquid separation. The collected anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is washed by jetting (sprinkling) a small amount of purified water to impurity an amorphous syrup adsorbed on the surface of the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The preferable amount of purified water used for such spraying is normally at least 3%, but up to 10% by weight of the baked dough prior to centrifugation. More specifically, when the amount of purified water used for washing is less than 3%, sufficient washing may not be done and an amorphous syrup still remains, resulting in a fear of not obtaining 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of a desired purity. On the contrary, when the amount of purified water used for washing exceeds 10%, the amount of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to be dissolved and removed by washing increases and this results in a fear of decreasing the crystal yield. <Step (e)>
Step (e) is for aging, drying, and optionally pulverizing the collected anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside without dissolving and recrystallizing it; the anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside collected by centrifugation is washed with a small amount of purified water such as deionized water and distilled water to wash away impurities adsorbed on the crystal surfaces. The water content used for washing should not be specifically restricted, however, an excessive water content will dissolve the crystals per se as well as the impurities, resulting in a reduction in yield and an increase in the cost of washing water. Therefore, the surfaces of the crystals are usually preferably washed with water to wash an amount of up to 30%, preferably 15 to 25%, by weight of the crystals. The crystals so washed are aged and dried by holding them in an atmosphere of predetermined temperature and humidity for a prescribed period of time to produce a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Although the product temperature of the particulate composition containing crystals, the relative humidity of the atmosphere and the time to age and dry in the aging and drying steps should not be specifically restricted, provided that a particulate composition with a desired degree of crystallinity is obtained, the product temperature and the relative humidity of the atmosphere will preferably be maintained at a temperature of 20 to 55°C and a relative humidity of 60 to 90%, respectively, in the aging and drying stages. The total time for the aging and drying steps is preferably about 5 to about 24 hours. The particulate composition containing crystals, obtained through the aging and drying steps, is not forcibly cooled to an ambient temperature, or it can also be advantageously forcibly cooled by blowing into it pure air with a temperature around ambient temperature to give a temperature of the product around room temperature. The crystalline powder thus obtained is produced into a final product with or without optional spraying.
The previous steps (a) to (e), excluding the crystallization step by a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method in the previous step (d), are basically the same as the production steps for quasi-drug grade powders and they are free of any steps for recrystallization and repeated washing of the crystals, which are both indispensable in the production steps for reagent grade powders.
The powder thus obtained is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid which contains 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a content, based on dry solid material, above 98.0%, but below 99.9%, has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90% when calculated on the basis of the powder X-ray diffraction profile of the particulate composition, more preferably, it contains 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a , based on dry solid material, above 98.0% but below 99.9%, has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of at least 90% when calculated based on the X-ray powder diffraction of the particulate composition, contains L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose derived from the materials, contains L-ascorbic acid in a content of 0.1% or less, dsb, and has a reducing power of all particulate composition less than one percent. Since such a particulate composition is unlikely to cake, even under conditions where conventional quasi-drug grade powders cake, it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid that is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to conventional quasi-drug grade powders. Additionally, compared to reagent grade powders, the particulate composition has the merit that it has an advantageous solubility in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-medicines.
Since the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition produced by the process of the present invention significantly more difficult to cake compared to conventional quasi-drug powders, it has the advantageous merit that it can be safely incorporated into single powdered materials or various other powdered materials for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and pharmaceuticals in the field of manufacturing of food products including beverages, as well as cosmetics, quasi-drugs, and pharmaceuticals, which are produced by production plants that are designed where pulverized materials are to be used on premise.
The following experiments concretely explain the present invention: <Experiment 1: Effect of degree of crystallinity on cake formation of particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
Particulate compositions, which contain anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with varying degrees of crystallinity to anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the range of 0 to 100%, were prepared and tested for cake formation to examine the relationship between a degree of crystallinity and cake formation. The details are as follows: <Experiment 1-1: Preparing Test Samples> <Test sample 1>
“ASCORBIC ACID 2-GLUCOSIDE 999” (Code No.: AG 124, Purity: at least 99.9%), a product name of a reagent grade particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside, consisting substantially of acid 2- anhydrous crystalline ascorbic glycoside, as a standard specimen, was used as Test Sample 1. <Test sample 2>
A particulate composition consisting substantially of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, prepared by dissolving Test Sample 1 in a suitable content of purified water, lyophilizing the resulting solution for three days, and drying the resulting in vacuo at a temperature of 40° C or less overnight, was used as a standard sample consisting substantially of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid for use as “Test Sample 2”. Test sample 2 had a moisture content of 2.0% when measured by the Karl Fischer method, <Test samples 3 and 4>
Test Samples 3 and 4, those having a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside falling between those of Test Samples 1 and 2, were prepared by the following procedure: A particulate composition consisting of an amorphous form of acid 2 -ascorbic glycoside, which was prepared similar to test sample 2, was spread on metallic trays and partially crystallized by keeping it in a chamber at a constant temperature and controlled humidity at a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 90% for 24 or 72 hours to accelerate crystallization. Successively, the metal trays were removed from the chamber and dried in vacuo at 38°C overnight to obtain two types of particulate compositions, one with a soaking time of 24 hours at constant temperature and a chamber controlled by humidity. was called “Test Sample 3” and the other with a soaking time of 72 hours was called “Test Sample 4”. Furthermore, Test Samples 3 and 4 were respectively closed in vials, sealed with lids, and preserved together with a desiccant in a desiccator under airtight conditions until immediately prior to their analytical testing. Experiment 1-2: Purities of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and degrees of crystallinity of test samples 1 to 4 <2-Ascorbic Acid Purities>
The 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities of test samples 1 to 4 were determined as follows: Using purified water, each of test samples 1 to 4 was prepared in a 2% solution, which was then filtered with a 0.45-μm membrane. Each of the filtrates was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under the following conditions, followed by calculation of the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, for each test sample based on a peak area shown on a a differential refractometer. The results are in table 1. Analytical conditions
HPLC System: "LC-10AD", available from Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan; Degasser: “DGU-12AM”, sold by Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan; Column: “WAKOPAK WAKOBEADS T-330”, fT-form, available from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan; Sample injection volume: 10 μL; Eluent: 0.01% aqueous nitric acid solution (v/v); Flow: 0.5 mL/minute; Temperature: 25°C; Differential refractometer: “RID-10A”, sold by Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan; Data processing apparatus: “CHROMATOPAK C-R7A”, sold by Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan; <Degree of crystallinity>
The degrees of crystallinity of Test Samples 1 to 4 were determined as follows: Analytical values for the degrees of crystallinity of the respective Test Samples 1 to 4 by the Herman method were determined using “X' Pert PRO MPD”, a name of product of a commercially available reflected light powder X-ray diffractometer marketed by Spectris Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, and using analytical computer software exclusively installed on the diffractometer, based on a X-ray diffraction profile. X-ray powder by a CuKa ray (X-ray electric current: 40 mA, X-ray tube voltage: 45 kV, wavelength: 1.5405 Â), as a characteristic X-ray irradiated from a target Cu. Prior to the previous degree of crystallinity analysis by the Herman method, the granularity and the folding factor pre-established in the software were respectively adjusted to appropriate levels to obtain a baseline considered the most preferable, also considering mutual overlapping peaks, intensity of diffraction, and scattering intensity in the respective X-ray powder diffraction patterns. Herman's method is described in detail in both PH Hermans and A. Weidinger, "Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 19, pp. 491-506 (1948), and PH Hermans and A. Weidinger, "Journal of Polymer Science" , Vol. 4, pgs. 135-144, 1949.
The degree of crystallinity of each test sample was calculated by substituting the following data in the previous Formula [1]: Hs as the degree of crystallinity value of each test sample; H100, the analytical value of that of Test Sample 1; and Ho, the analytical value of that of Test Sample 2. When analyzed by the Herman method, the analytical value of the degree of crystallinity of Test Sample 1 (analytical value Hioo) and that of Test Sample 2 (analytical value Ho) were respectively 70.23% and 7.57%. The results are in table 1 in parallel. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of test samples 1 and 2, as standard samples, are respectively shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
As shown in FIG. 1, clear sharp diffraction peaks specific for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid were observed in the range of diffraction angles (20) from 4 to 65° in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of test sample 1, but no specific halo was observed for an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. However, as shown in FIG. 2 , different from the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of FIG. 1, halo specific for an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was clearly observed as a baseline cluster in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of test sample 2, but no specific diffraction peak of the anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside. <Experiment 1-3: X-ray powder diffraction of test samples 1 and 2 using synchroton radiation>
This experiment was carried out to further confirm that test samples 1 and 2 are respectively standard samples suitable for determining the analytical H1Oo and Ho values: These samples were subjected to an X-ray powder diffraction of transmitted light, which detects a signal diffraction and weak scattering, using a synchrotonal radiation (referred to as “radiation”, below) as an X-ray source. The measurement condition was as follows: <Measurement condition>
Powder X-ray Diffractometer: Model “PDS-16”, a high-speed powder X-ray diffractometer (Debye Scherrer mode, chamber length: 497.2 mm) sold by Kohzu Precision Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan; X-ray source: “Beam line from Hyogo Prefecture (BL08B2)”, an electromagnetic bending radiation light; Wavelength: 0.7717 Å (16.066 keV); Intensity Measuring angle Exposure time Image registration : 109 photons/s; : 2 at 40°; : 600 s; : “IMAGING PLATE BAS-2040”, an imaging plate sold from Fujifilm Corp., Tokyo, Japan; e Image analyzer : “BIO-IMAGE ANALYZER BAS-2500”, sold by Fujifilm Corp., Tokyo, Japan.
The measurement was conducted using “Beam line of Hyogo Prefecture (BL08B2)” placed in “SPring-8”, a large synchroton radiation facility, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan.
Before X-ray powder diffraction measurement, test samples 1 and 2 were respectively ground in a mortar and sieved with a 53 μm mesh sieve. Then, each of the resulting particulate compositions passed through the sieve was homogeneously injected into “MARKTUBE No. 14”, a product name of a capillary powder for X-ray diffraction (diameter: 0.6 mm, Lindeman glass), marketed by Toho KK, Tokyo, Japan, to give an injected sample length of about 30 mm. Successively, the capillary was cut at the terminal end of the injected sample and the open end was sealed with an adhesive. Then, the capillary was fixed on a sample holder with a clay, and the sample holder was mounted on the X-ray powder diffractometer to give the longitudinal direction of the capillary perpendicular to the optical axis of the diffractometer.
To remove the adverse effect of anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside ascorbic acid orientation on the X-ray powder diffraction profile, the X-ray powder diffraction measurement was performed by letting the sample holder rotate at a uniform speed. in the longitudinal direction of the capillary at a width of ± 1.5 mm and at a time cycle of once/60 s, while allowing the amount of sample to rotate at a uniform speed about the rotational axis in the longitudinal direction of the capillary at a cycle of twice/sec.
In the processes of analyzing the X-ray powder diffraction profiles and preparing the X-ray powder diffraction patterns of test samples 1 and 2, background signals inherent in the X-ray powder diffractometer were eliminated from each X-ray powder diffraction profile in accordance with a conventional way to improve measurement accuracy. The resulting X-ray powder diffraction patterns of test samples 1 and 2 are respectively shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
As shown in FIG. 3, X-ray powder diffraction peaks specific for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid appeared clear and sharp in the diffraction angle range (20) from 2 to 40° for the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of test sample 1, measured 15 using synchroton radiation. Comparing FIG. 3 with FIG. 1, since the wavelength of synchroton radiation (0.7717 Â) was different from that of characteristic X-rays (1.5405 Â), each diffraction peak in FIG. 3 appeared at about half a diffraction angle (20°) of each of the corresponding peaks in FIG. 1. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns in 20 FIGS. 1 and 3, however, coincided extremely well with each other.
However, the peak width at the mid-height of each diffraction peak in FIG. 3 was evidently narrower than that of FIG. 1, and each diffraction peak in FIG. 3 showed a higher resolution than that of FIG. 1, although the intensity of each diffraction peak in FIG. 3 was larger than that of FIG. 1 25 out of almost 100 times. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern in FIG. 3 showed no specific halo for an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, as shown in FIG. 4 next. The result indicates that the degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of test sample 1 is extremely high, and test sample 1 consists substantially of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
As shown in FIG. 4, the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of test sample 2, obtained by X-ray powder diffraction using synchroton radiation, showed a notable specific halo for an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid as a cluster from baseline, but no specific diffraction peak for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was observed. This result indicates that test sample 2 consists substantially of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
Previous results, obtained using synchroton radiation as an X-ray source, support that test samples 1 and 2 are standard samples suitable for defining the analytical H1Oo and Ho values, respectively, for use in Formula 1. <Experiment 1-4: Pie formation test>
The following experiment was carried out to investigate the cake formation of the respective test samples 1 to 4: one gram aliquots of each of the test samples 1 to 4, prepared in experiment 11, were separately filled into “FALCON TUBE 2059”, a product name of a 14 mL (1.7 cm diameter, 10 cm high) polypropylene cylindrical tube with a hemispherical base shape and a cap, available from Becton Dickinson and Company, New Jersey, USA. Tubes were set perpendicularly on a tube rack and allowed to stand for 24 hours, then the tube rack was placed in “IC410”, a product name of an incubator marketed Advantec Toyo Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, controlled at 50°C. After incubation, the tubes were removed from the incubator, followed by removing each cap, taking each test sample from each tube and placing it on a flat black plastic plate, turning the tubes upside down slowly, and macroscopically observing the conditions of the resulting test samples.
The degree of cake formation of each test sample was considered based on the following criterion: “turned into cake”, (+): the sample clearly maintains the hemispherical shape of the base of the tube, even when placed on the plate; “slightly caked”, (±): the sample shows slightly, but distinctly, the hemispherical shape of the base of the tube; “not caked” (-): the sample does not maintain the hemispherical shape of the base of the tube. The results were shown in the “Pie formation” column in Table 1.Table 1

As shown in table 1, test sample 1, as a standard sample to define the analytical value H1Oo (degree of crystallinity: 100.0%), was considered “not caked” (-) because it collapsed and not having maintained the hemispherical shape of the base of the tube when removed from the tube and placed on the flat plate. On the contrary, test sample 2, as another standard sample to define the analytical value Ho (degree of crystallinity: 0.0 %), was clearly considered “turned into pie” (+) because it still apparently maintained the hemispherical shape of the base of the tube, even when taken out of the tube and placed on the plate. The hemispherical shape of test sample 2 did not collapse when a slight vibration was merely given to the plate.
Test sample 3 with a degree of crystallinity of 88.3 % still clearly maintained the hemispherical shape of the base of the tube similar to test sample 2, even when taken out of the tube and placed on the flat plate, and it was apparently considered “transformed”. in pie” (+). Test sample 4 with a degree of crystallinity of 93.1% collapsed instantly similar to test sample 1 when taken from the tube and placed on the plate, and it was considered “not caked” (-).
As described above, although test samples 2 to 4 were prepared from test sample 1 with a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 99.9%, the aforementioned HPLC analysis showed that their 2-glycoside acid purities ascorbic acid were up to 99.1%. The reason for this is not certain, but it can be conjectured that a slight content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid may be lost by degradation or the like during its preparation for some reason.
The above results indicate that, in the case of particulate compositions containing at least 99.1%, dsb, of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, those with a higher degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid tend to have a property of smaller pie formation; and the fact that test sample 3 with a degree of crystallinity of 88.3 % was considered “turned into a pie” (+) and test sample 4 with a degree of crystallinity of 93.1 % was considered “not transformed into a pie" (-) indicates that the threshold of change from the judgment of "turned into a pie" (+) to that of "not transformed into a pie" (-) in the previous pie formation test is between the degrees of crystallinity of 88.3% and 93.1%. <Experiment 2: Relationship between cake formation and degree of crystallinity of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
In this experiment, based on the results of experiment 1, seven types of particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, with a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the range of 0 to 100% and an acid purity 2- Ascorbic glycoside in the range of 99.1 to 99.9 % were used and tested for cake formation similarly to experiment 1 to investigate the relationship between cake formation and degree of crystallinity in more detail. <Experiment 2-1: Preparing the Test Sample>
Particulate compositions of test samples 5 to 9 in table 2 were prepared by weighing test samples 1 and 2, which were prepared in experiment 1-1, at appropriate levels, respectively, and mixing them for homogeneity. Table 2 shows the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities and crystallinity grades for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from test samples 5 through 9, determined by the method revealed in experiment 1-2. The results of test samples 1 and 2 in table 2 were transcribed from table 1. <Experiment 2-2: Pie formation test>
Test samples 5 to 9 were subjected to the cake formation test in experiment 1-4. The results are shown in the “cake formation” column in table 2. The “cake formation” results from test samples 1 and 2 in table 2 were transcribed from those described in table 1.Table 2

As noted in the results of table 2, test sample 9 with a degree of crystallinity of 29.9% was considered “cake-turned” (+) and test sample 8 with a degree of crystallinity of 89.2% was considered “slightly transformed into pie” (±). On the contrary, test samples 7, 6 and 5 with respective degrees of crystallinity of 91.5%, 92.6% and 99.8% were all considered “not transformed into pie” (-) similar to test sample 1 These results indicate that, among particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a content of at least 99.1%, but less than 99.9%, dsb, those with a degree of crystallinity for 2-glycoside acid anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid of at least 90% did not turn into cake under the conditions of this experiment. <Experiment 3: Effect of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity on the degree of crystallinity of particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
The foregoing experiments revealed that in particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid as high as 99.1% or more, there are those with different degrees of crystallinity so that, in this experiment, the relationship between the degree of crystallinity of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and the purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was further investigated. Additionally, the relationship between the purity and cake formation of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was investigated. <Experiment 3-1: Preparing the Test Sample>
Test samples 10 to 15, with mutually different 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities as shown in Table 3, were prepared from an aqueous solution containing L-ascorbic acid and dextrin.
Four parts by weight of "PINEDEX #100", a product name of a dextrin sold by Matsutani Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan, was dissolved in 15 parts by weight of water by heating. Then, three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid was mixed with the solution. Successively, the solution was mixed with 100 units/g of dextrin, dsb, of a CGTase derived from the Tc-62 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and 250 units/g of dextrin, dsb, from an isoamylase specimen, commercialized by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, and subjected to an enzymatic reaction while maintaining the solution at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 55°C for 50 hours to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Furthermore, it can be conjectured that α-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid such as 2-O-amaltosyl-ascorbic acid, 2-Oα-maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, 2-O-amaltotetraosyl-L-ascorbic acid, etc., would have been naturally formed in the reaction solution.
After inactivating the remaining enzymes by heating, the reaction solution was adjusted to pH 4.5, mixed with 50 units/g dextrin, dsb, of “GLUCZYME AF6”, a product name of a glucoamylase specimen marketed by Amano Enzymes Inc., Aichi, Japan, and subjected to an enzymatic reaction within 24 hours to hydrolyze the above a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids to 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and hydrolyze the remaining concomitant oligosaccharides to D-glucose. At this stage, the reaction solution contained 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a production yield of 39%.
The reaction solution was heated to inactivate glucoamylase, decolorized with an activated carbon, filtered, subjected to a column of a cation exchange resin (H+ form) for desalting, and then subjected to an anion exchange resin (OH' form) to absorb L-ascorbic acid and 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, followed by washing the resin with water to remove D-glucose and feeding 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution to elute. The eluate was concentrated to a solids content of about 50% and then subjected to column chromatography using “DOWEX 50WX4” (Ca“ form), a product name of a strong acid cation exchange resin marketed by Dow Chemical Company. The concentrate was loaded into the column in a volume of about 1/50 times the volume of the wet resin, followed by feeding into the purified water of the column in a volume of 50 times the loading volume of the concentrate at a linear velocity of 1 m/ hour and fractionating the resulting eluate into 0.05 volume aliquots of the column volume. Then, the composition of each fraction was measured on HPLC described in experiment 1-2, and six fractions with a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of at least 80%, dsb, were concentrated in vacuo to give respective solid concentrations of approx. of 76%. The resulting concentrates were respectively placed in a crystallizer, mixed with test sample 1 in experiment 1-1, as a seed crystal, at a content of two percent each of the solids content, dsb, followed by unforced cooling of each concentrate from 40°C to 15°C for about two days while stirring gently to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
Then according to a conventional manner, test samples 10 to 15, shown in Table 3, were obtained by collecting crystals from each baked mass by a basket-type centrifuge, washing the crystals with a small amount of distilled water, aging and drying. the washed crystals by blowing air at 25°C for 30 minutes on the aged and dried crystals for cooling, and pulverizing the resulting ones. "AA2G", a product name of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, as a conventional quasi-drug grade powder, marketed by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, was used as the test sample. 16.Table 3

Test samples 1 and 2 as seen in table 3 were similar to experiment 1-1, and their purities and degrees of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside were transcribed from the foregoing experimental results. Test samples 10 to 16 were tested for cake formation by the method similarly to experiment 1-4. The results are in table 3. The results of the cake formation test for test samples 1 and 2 as seen in table 3 were transcribed from table 1 without any change. <Experiment 3-2: Storage Stability Test>
To confirm that the cake formation test conducted in experiment 1-4, etc., is a suitable test to evaluate the cake formation of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid when actually stored, test sample 1 obtained in experiment 1-1, test samples 10 to 15 obtained in experiment 3-1, and test sample 16 were subjected to a storage stability test that was designed taking into account the conditions, environment, and storage period. time for actual storage of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
Ten kilogram aliquots of any one of test samples 1 and 10 to 16 were respectively weighed and placed in a double polyethylene bag (800 mm by 600 mm) for each test sample. Then, each bag was placed in an 18 liter steel can in such a way as to let the opening part of each bag open and be perpendicular without closing the opening part, allowing the bags to remain without capping the steel cans. , and store for 45 days in an environment away from relatively high temperature and humidity. After 45 days of storage, each double polyethylene bag closing any of the test samples was removed from the cans, and the samples were removed from the bags and placed on a flat black plastic plate for macroscopic observation of their fluidity and cake states. .
The test samples were judged for their cake formation by the following criterion: “cake” (+), cluster(s) is/are detected in a test sample and the test sample's fluidity was lowered compared to that of the test sample. at the beginning of the test; and “not caked” (-), on clustering is detected in a test sample and the test sample fluidity has not changed compared to that at the beginning of the test. The storage manner of each test sample in the storage stability test is the same as that of a quasi-drug grade powder that is commercially distributed and stored, except that the opening part of the bag is not opened with a rubber tape. put in any desiccant, and be stored in a steel can without closing it with a lid. The previous three differences were those, which were set up as a storage environment for a storage test that was slightly more rigorous than an actual storage environment, to expedite the test results. The results are in table 3 in parallel.
As shown in table 3, except for test sample 2 consisting substantially of an amorphous form of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and test sample 16 as a quasi-drug grade powder, the remaining test samples 1 and 10 to 15 tend to increase their degrees of crystallinity to anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid as their 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities increased. In the cake formation test, test samples 10 and 11 with respective 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities of 97.4% and 98.0% were considered “cake-turned” (+) or “slightly cake-turned” (±). In contrast, test samples 12 to 15 with 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities of 98.6 to 99.7 % were considered “non-cake” (-). These results indicate that the value of the purity threshold of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid that influences cake formation is around 98.0% and it is concluded that a purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid above 98.0% should be necessary to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid which is considered “not caked” (-).
No cake formation was observed in test samples 12 to 15 similar to test sample 1, although the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities of test samples 12 to 15 were 98.6% to 99.7%, which had virtually the same levels as test sample 16, a near-drug grade powder, with a purity of 98.9%, and were significantly lower than those of test sample 1, a reagent grade powder consisting substantially of acid 2 -anhydrous crystalline ascorbic glycoside. The degrees of crystallinity of test samples 12 to 15 were 91.6% to 99.5% being as high as 90% or more, and test sample 16, a near-drug grade powder, had a degree of crystallinity of 88.9% being as low as less than 90%. From these results, it can be concluded that the degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid could be made 90% or more to obtain a desired particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is significantly less prone to cake formation, compared to test sample 16 as a quasi-drug grade powder.
As shown in the bottom column of Table 3, test samples 10 and 11 with respective 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities of 97.4% and 98.0% were considered “cake” (+) even in a test of storage stability, where they were stored for 45 days in bags at respective levels of 10 kg/bag along the lines of their actual commercialized product form. In contrast, test samples 12 to 15 with a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 98.6% to 99.7% were considered “non-cake” (-) similar to the results in their cake-forming test. . These facts indicate that the cake formation test as in Experiment 1-4, etc., is a suitable test to evaluate the cake formation of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a real storage environment. <Experiment 4: Relationship between the reducing power and the darkening of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
The test samples used in the preceding experiments were all particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid prepared from solutions containing 2-glucoside ascorbic acid obtained by a step of allowing CGTase to act in a solution containing L-ascorbic acid and a starchy substance. When such a production process is employed, the resulting particulate compositions will contain L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose as specific concomitants to the production process irrespective of the content of such concomitants. Since both L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose have reducibility, particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glucoside ascorbic acid, varying depending on the content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose, can possibly cause unfavorable color change in the final products. when used in products containing compounds with an amino group, such as proteins and amino acids. Among these, since L-ascorbic acid has a relatively high reactivity with oxygen, it is conjectured that L-ascorbic acid must be a causative agent of inducing not only unfavorable color change in products using it, but unwanted darkening of a powder. of quasi-conventional drug grade per se that has occasionally been observed when stored for a relatively long period of time.
Thus, in this experiment, test samples 1 and 12 to 16, which were used in the preceding experiments, were examined for the relationship between staining and the total L-ascorbic acid plus D-glucose content, the L-ascorbic, or the reducing power of the entire particulate composition by conducting an accelerated heat treatment test according to the following procedures:
One hundred and fifty milligrams of each of the test samples were weighed and placed in a 10 mL test tube with a screw cap, and the test tubes in a closed condition on their part of the openings with the screw caps were placed in “DRYING-OVEN SA310”, a product name of an oven sold by Masuda Corp., Osaka, Japan, and heated to 80°C for three days. Subsequently, after removing the screw caps from the test tubes, three milliliters of deionized water was added to each of the tubes to dissolve each sample. The resulting solutions were measured for absorbance at a wavelength of 400 nm using “UV-2400PC”, a product name of a spectrophotometer marketed by Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan. The degree of staining caused by heating was considered with based on the following two criteria: when the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 nm is less than 0.50, it is considered “non-brown or substantially non-brown” (-); and when the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 nm is 0.50 or greater, it is considered “brown” (+). The results are in table 4.
The total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose in each test sample was determined by HPLC described in experiment 1-1. The reducing power of the entire particulate composition of each test sample was determined by measuring the contents of reducing sugar and total sugars by the Somogyi-Nelson method and the anthrone-sulfuric acid method generally used in the art, respectively, using D-glucose as a standard substance; and calculating the reducing power by substituting the data in the formula [3] above. The total L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose content, the L-ascorbic acid content, and the reducing power of the entire particulate composition for each sample were as shown in Table 4.Table 4

As shown in Table 4, in particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, the contents of both L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose in test sample 1, which is a reagent grade powder consisting substantially of 2- anhydrous crystalline ascorbic glycoside, were lower than their detection limits. In contrast, L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose were detected in any of test samples 12 to 15, such as the particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of the present invention, and test sample 16 as a powder. quasi-conventional drug grade. In these powders, as is evident from test samples 12 to 15, when the total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose was no more than 0.2%, dsb, it was considered “non-brown or substantially non-brown” ( -); whereas, as is evident from test sample 16, when the total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose reached 0.3%, d.s.b., it was considered “brown” (+). As for L-ascorbic acid which is considered to be more deeply related to the coloring of powders, those such as test samples 12 to 15, which contain L-ascorbic acid at a content of 0.1% or less, dsb, were considered “ not browned or substantially not browned” (-); while those like test sample 16, which have an L-ascorbic acid content reaching 0.2%, d.s.b., were considered “brown” (+). As already mentioned, since L-ascorbic acid has a relatively high reactivity with oxygen and is related to the browning of particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, those with an L-ascorbic acid content above 0% but no more than 0.1%, dsb, need not be afraid of causing substantial browning, even when stored for a relatively long period of time in the form of a conventional quasi-drug grade powder product.
From the point of view of reducing power, as evident from test samples 12 to 15, those with a reducing power of the entire particulate composition above 0% but below 1% were considered “untanned or substantially untanned”. (-). In contrast, as evident from test sample 16, test samples with a reducing power of the entire particulate composition above 1% were considered “brown” (+). These results were in good agreement with previous results obtained by the trial with an index of the total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose.
The above results indicate that particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid without any fear of causing browning can be obtained by controlling the reducing forces of the total particulate compositions to a level above 0%, but below 1% even though they inevitably contain acid. L-ascorbic and/or D-glucose at a detectable level due to their production processes. Considering both aspects of the browning not only of the final products prepared with the particulate compositions, but the particulate compositions per se, the above results show that L-ascorbic acid contents in particulate compositions should preferably be above 0%, but not more. than 0.1%, dsb <Experiment 5: Effect of the cooling method on crystallization on the degree of crystallinity of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
To examine the effect of the cooling method on crystallization on the degrees of crystallinity of particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, the particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in Table 5 (test samples 17 to 22) were prepared. by the following method. The yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production in each enzyme reaction solution was determined by the method in experiment 1-2. (1) Test sample 17
Similar to the example described later for reference 1, test sample 17 as a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared, except that, in the method of the example described later for reference 1, the durations of actions of CGTase and isoamylase were suspended at 25 hours as a half time as in the example for reference 1, followed by purifying the solution from the enzymatic reaction to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of at least 86% and then concentrating the solution in vacuo containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to give a concentration of about 76%, transferring the resulting concentrate to a crystallizer with a jacketed tank equipped around the crystallizer, precipitating crystals by a pseudo-controlled cooling method of gradually cooling the concentrate to 40°C to 30°C in 1.5 day, and then promptly cool it from 30°C to 15°C in 0.5 day by controlling the temperature of the water in the jacketed tank. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the enzymatic reaction solution was 25.3%. (2) Test sample 18
Similar to example 1, test sample 18 as a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared, except that in the method of later described example 1, the liquefied potato starch used as a material was replaced with “PINEDEX #100”, a product name of a dextrin marketed by Matsutani Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan; and crystals were obtained by purifying the solution after enzymatic reactions, concentrating the purified solution under low pressure, and non-forcefully cooling the concentrate from 40°C to 15°C in about two days. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the enzymatic reaction solution was 27.0%. (3) Test sample 19
Test sample 19 as a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared similarly to test sample 18, except that a solution after enzymatic reactions was transferred to a crystallizer with a jacketed tank equipped around the crystallizer and crystallized. by a pseudo-controlled cooling method of gradually cooling the solution from 40°C to 30°C in 1.5 day and then promptly cooling it from 30°C to 15°C in 0.5 day by controlling the temperature of the water at o jacketed tank. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the enzymatic reaction solution was 27.0%. (4) Test sample 20
Similar to example 4, test sample 20 as a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared, except that, in the method of the later described example 4, a solution containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was concentrated to give a concentration of about 76% under a low pressure and the solution obtained with a temperature of 40°C was transferred to a crystallizer and cooled non-forced in such a way as to cool the solution from 40°C to 15°C for about two days to precipitate the crystals. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the enzymatic reaction solution was 32.5%. (5) Test sample 21
Test sample 21 as a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared similarly to test sample 20, except that a solution after enzymatic reactions was transferred to a crystallizer with a jacketed tank equipped around the crystallizer, followed by by precipitating the crystals by a pseudo-controlled cooling method of gradually cooling the solution from 40°C to 30°C in 1.5 day and then promptly cooling it from 30°C to 15°C in 0.5 day controlling the temperature of the water in the jacketed tank. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the enzymatic reaction solution was 32.5%. (6) Test sample 22
Similar to experiment 3-1, test sample 22 as a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared, except that in the test sample preparation method of experiment 3-1, the enzymatic reactions by CGTase and isoamylase were suspended 30 hours after starting the enzymatic reactions, and the solution, which was purified to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 86.2%, was concentrated to give a concentration of about 76% under a low temperature. pressure, followed by transferring the resulting solution having a temperature of 40°C to a crystallizer and cooling the solution by a non-forced cooling method from 40°C to 15°C for about two days to precipitate the crystals. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the enzymatic reaction solution was 35.3%. <Measuring the purity and degree of crystallinity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
According to a similar method as in experiment 1-2, the purities and degrees of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from test samples 17 to 22 were determined. <Average crystallite diameter>
The average crystallite diameters of test samples 17 to 22 were measured by the following method. For the calculation by the formula [2] above, in the diffraction patterns, which were prepared on the basis of the X-ray powder diffraction profiles that was used to determine the degree of crystallinity of each test sample, the half heights and the diffraction angles (29) of five diffraction peaks detected at diffraction angles (20) of 10.4 ° (Miller index (hkl): 120), 13.2 ° (Miller index (hkl): 130), 18.3 0 (Miller index (hkl):230), 21.9 0 (Miller index (hkl):060), and 22.6° (Miller index (hkl): 131), which correspond to the symbols "a" through "e" in FIG. 1, respectively, were treated with “X' Pert Highscore Plus”, an analytical processing computer software provided with “X' Pert PRO MPD”, a product name of a commercially available X-ray powder diffractometer, and subjected to to the calculation of average crystallite diameter of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in each test sample with the “Scherrer's Formula” program in the above computer software.
The previous results are in table 5.Table 5

As shown in Table 5, test samples 19 and 21, which were prepared by purifying and concentrating an enzyme reaction solution with a yield of 27.0% or 32.5% 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production and acid crystallization Anhydrous crystalline ascorbic 2-glycoside by a pseudo-controlled cooling method, had a degree of crystallinity above 90 % and respective mean crystallite diameters of 1,450 Â and 1,650 Ã. While test sample 17 which was prepared by purifying and concentrating an enzyme reaction solution with a 25.3% yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and precipitating anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from the resulting solution containing L-acid -ascorbic 2-glycoside also by a pseudo-controlled cooling method similarly as above, had a relatively mean crystallite diameter as high as 1410 A, but had a degree of crystallinity of less than 90%. Test samples 18 and 20, which were prepared by purifying and concentrating an enzyme reaction solution with a 27.0% or 32.5% yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid similarly to test samples 19 and 21, and precipitating anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glucoside from the solution containing L-ascorbic acid 2-glycoside by a pseudo-controlled cooling method, had a degree of crystallinity of less than 90 % and respective mean crystallite diameters as low as 1220 Â and 1250 Â. Test sample 22, which was prepared by purifying and concentrating an enzyme reaction solution with a yield of 35.3% 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and precipitating anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from the solution containing L- 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by an unforced cooling method, had a degree of crystallinity as high as 98.9% and an average crystallite diameter as high as 1705 Â.
The results in Table 5 indicate that even a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid prepared from a reaction solution with the same 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production yield, the degree of crystallinity and the crystallite diameter of anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside, which was crystallized by a pseudocontrolled cooling method, are higher than those obtained by crystallization by an unforced cooling method. In the case of precipitating anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside by a non-forced cooling method, a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a degree of crystallinity above 90% could not be obtained unless the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was above 35%, while, in the case of applying a pseudo-controlled cooling method in the crystallization, even a solution of the enzymatic reaction with a production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 32.5% (sample of test 21) or 27.0% (test sample 19) as less than 35%, a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a degree of crystallinity above 90% was obtained. These results indicate that a pseudo-controlled cooling method effectively increases the degree of crystallinity and the average crystallite diameter, and a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid above 90 % can be obtained by applying either a pseudo-controlled cooling method or a controlled cooling method after purification and concentration, provided that the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in an enzyme reaction solution is above 27.0%. Since test samples 19 and 21 have a purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the range above 98.0% but below 99.9% and a degree of crystallinity above 90%, they are particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid that are significantly less cake-forming compared to a conventional near-drug grade powder. <Experiment 6: Effect of average crystallite diameter on hydrophilic solvent solubility>
As test samples, test samples 17 to 22 used in the previous experiment, particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid prepared by the method in the example described later 1 to 4, the test sample 1 prepared in the experiment 1-1, and test sample 16 (a quasi-drug grade powder) used in experiment 3-1 were used to examine their solubilities in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-drugs.
Any of the above test samples and the particulate compositions of Examples 1 to 4 were weighed 0.25 g and placed in “FALCON TUBO 2059”, a product name of a 14 mL polypropylene cylindrical tube with a hemispherical base shape and a cap, available from Becton, Dickinson and Company, New Jersey, USA. Five milliliters of a solution was added to each tube with each sample, which was prepared by diluting 1,3-butylene glycol (a special grade reagent available from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with deionized water to give a concentration of 30%, and the resulting mixture was heated for 30 minutes in a constant temperature water bath at 50°C, then allowing the tube to turn twice, which kept it at 50°C for 15 minutes, and judging macroscopically the appearance as follows: “approval solubility” (-), when a powder was considered to be completely dissolved; “disapproved solubility” (+), when insoluble substance(s) were observed. When such an insoluble substance(s) was/were observed, it was additionally kept at 50°C for 15 minutes and it was considered “slightly failing solubility” (±), when a powder was considered completely dissolved. The results are in table 6.
Using the above test samples or the particulate compositions of examples 1 to 4, they were subjected to the cake formation test and the storage stability test by the methods in experiments 1-4 and 3-2. The results are in table 6 in parallel. Test samples 1 and 16 were measured for mean crystallite diameter by the method in experiment 5, and the results are in table 6 in parallel. The results of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity, degree of crystallinity, cake formation and storage stability for test samples 1 and 16 were transcribed from the results in table 3 for test samples 1 and 16. Table 6

As shown in Table 6, Test Samples 16 to 21 and the later described particulate compositions of Examples 1 to 4 with an average crystallite diameter of 1670 Å or less were considered “approval solubility” (-). In contrast, test sample 22 with an average crystallite diameter of 1705 Â was considered "slightly failing solubility" (±). Test sample 1 (a reagent grade powder) with an average crystallite diameter of 1770 Â was considered “fab solubility” (+). The powders from test samples 1, 19, 21, and 22 and the particulate compositions from examples 1 to 4 were considered “not caked” (-) in the cake formation test and the storage stability test, while the test samples 16 to 18 and 20 were considered “turned into pie” (+). Based on these results, it is conjectured that the threshold of average crystallite diameter that influences the solubility in hydrophilic solvents is lower than 1,705 Â, and a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with an average crystallite diameter smaller than 1700 Â, more particularly 1670 Â or less was considered superior to a reagent grade powder in solubility against hydrophilic solvents. Among test samples 19 and 21 and the particulate compositions of examples 1 to 4, which were evaluated as satisfactory in any item of solubility, cake formation, and storage stability, the lowest average crystallite diameter is 1450 Â (sample test 19) so that a preferable average crystallite diameter was considered to be in the range of 1400 Å or more, but less than 1,700 Å, more preferably, 1,450 Å or more, but not more than 1,670 Å. <Experiment 7: Yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production by CGTases derived from various microorganisms>
In an enzymatic reaction system where CGTase can act naturally on a solution containing liquefied starch and L-ascorbic acid and then glucoamylase can act naturally on the resulting solution to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, the following experiment was conducted to examine how the difference in origin of CGTase influences the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a solution of the enzymatic reaction obtained through the previous enzymatic reactions. <CGTase commercialized>
Among CGTases derived from various microorganisms, the following CGTases are used as commercialized CGTases: “CONTIZYME”, a product name of a commercially available CGTase specimen sold by Amano enzyme Inc., Tokyo, Japan, was used as a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Bacillus macerans; a CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain TC-91, produced by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, was used as a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Geobacillus stearothermophilus', and "TORUZYME 3.0L", a name of product of a commercially available recombinant CGTase sold by Novozymes Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, was used as a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermos ulfurigenes. <Experiment 7-1: Preparation of CGTases derived from various microorganisms> <Experiment 7-1-1: Preparation of CGTase derived from Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain NBRC 15379>
Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain NBRC 15379 was grown in a liquid culture medium containing 2% dextrin, 0.5% ammonium chloride, 0.05% potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.025% magnesium sulfate, and 0.5% calcium carbonate. at 27°C for three days. The resulting culture was centrifuged and the resulting supernatant desalted with ammonium sulfate in the usual manner and dialyzed to obtain a crude CGTase enzyme solution. The crude enzyme solution thus obtained was fed into DEAE-TPYOPEAL 650S sold by Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan, a cation exchange column chromatography, and a hydrophobic column chromatography using BUTYL-TOYOPEARL 650 M gel sold by Tosoh Corp. , Tokyo, Japan to obtain a partially purified CGTase. <Experiment 7-1-2: Preparation of CGTase mutant derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91>
As described above, a gene of a CGTase derived from the Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 was cloned and the amino acid sequence of a mature CGTase (amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:1) was determined based on the nucleotide sequence ( nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:2) of the gene. Introducing a mutation into the CGTase genetic DNA by the following procedure to obtain a mutant CGTase with a higher 2-glycoside ascorbic acid productivity than the wild-type CGTase.
Using a CGTase gene derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (deposited with International Patent Organism Depositary in National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken , 305-8566 Japan, accession number FERM BP-11273), which was granted to the inventors of the present invention, the gene was mutated to introduce or discourage a restriction enzyme cleavage site(s) without altering the sequence of amino acid encoded by the CGTase gene, and introduced into a plasmid vector to obtain a recombinant DNA containing a gene encoding the wild-type CGTase. FIG. 5 shows the structure of the "pRSET-iBTC12" recombinant DNA. Then, a gene fragment (Nde I-EcoT221 fragment) encoding a region containing an active wild-type CGTase residue in the previously obtained recombinant DNA was cleaved and randomly mutated in a test tube using “GeneMorph PCR Mutagenesis Kit”, a product name of a PCR mutation kit marketed by Stratagene Company, CA, USA, and the resultants reverted back to the original DNA to obtain a gene mixture encoding CGTase mutants with various amino acid substitutions. By introducing the mutated genes into expression plasmid vectors, recombinant DNAs were obtained. A mutant CGTase gene library was obtained by transforming E. coli with the recombinant DNAs.
More than 1,300 transforming strains were isolated from the gene library obtained and cultured respectively, followed by preparation of a cell lysate as a crude enzyme solution containing a mutant CGTase from the cells obtained by each culture. The resulting crude enzyme solution was left to act in an aqueous solution containing L-ascorbic acid and partial starch hydrolyzate, followed by treatment of the formed a-glycosyl L-ascorbic acids with glucoamylase to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, and classifying transformants. capable of producing CGTase mutants with a relatively high productivity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid comparing the productivity with that of wild-type CGTase. During the classification process, two transforming strains carrying the targeted mutant of the CGTase genes, ie strains #129 and #268 were obtained. The nucleotide sequences of the mutant CGTase genes that are possessed by the transformants were decoded and revealed that a mutant CGTase produced by the transformant strain #129 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, in which two amino acid residues were substituted; the 176th glycine residue (G) has been replaced with arginine residue (R) and the 452nd tyrosine residue (Y) has been replaced with histidine residue (H), i.e. it has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO :4. Whereas the mutant CGTase produced from transformant strain #268 has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, wherein a single amino acid residue has been substituted; the 228th lysine residue (K) has been replaced with isoleucine (I) residue, i.e. it has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. These CGTase mutants were respectively named G176R/Y452H and K228I based on the sites of substituted amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ 1D NO:1 and amino acid substitutions.
The two previous transformants, which have genetic DNAs encoding the previous CGTase mutants, were respectively grown aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours using T culture medium (containing 12 g of bacto-tryptone per liter, 24 g of bacto-yeast, 5 mL glycerol, 17 mM potassium phosphate, and 72 mM dipotassium phosphate) containing 100 μL/mL sodium ampicillin. The cells, obtained by centrifuging each culture, were respectively subjected to disruption treatment with “Ultra Sonic Homogenizer UH-600”, a product name of an ultrasonic disruptor marketed by MST Corporation, Aichi, Japan, and the supernatant of the disrupted cells was heated. at 60°C for 30 minutes to denature and inactivate non-thermostable host-derived proteins. The heat treated solutions were respectively centrifuged further to obtain partially purified specimens of the CGTase mutants.
The enzyme activity for each of the above CGTases was determined by the method identified above and calculated using the formula [4]. <Experiment 7-2: 2-Glycoside Ascorbic Acid Production Reaction>
Five parts by weight of "PINEDEX #1", a product name of a dextrin sold by Matsutani Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan, was added to 20 parts by weight of water, dissolved by heating, mixed with three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid, and adjusted to pH 5.5 for use as a substrate solution. The substrate solution was added to any of the commercially available CGTases described above and the CGTases prepared in experiment 7-1 in an amount of 100 units/g of dextrin, dsb, and allowed to react enzymatically at 55°C for 40 hours, followed by heating the enzyme reaction solutions to inactivate the remaining enzymes to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid together with a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids such as 2-Oa-maltosyl-ascorbic acid, 2-Oa-maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, and 2-Oa-Maltotetraosyl-L-Ascorbic. The reaction solutions thus obtained were heated to inactivate the remaining enzyme, adjusted to pH 4.5, mixed with "GLUCZYME AF6", a product name of a glucoamylase specimen (6,000 units/g), commercialized by Amano Enzyme, Inc. ., Aichi, Japan, in an amount of 50 units/g dextrin, dsb, reacted at 55°C in 24 hours to hydrolyze α-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids to 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and to hydrolyze the concomitant saccharides to D-glucose, and heated to inactivate the remaining glucoamylase to obtain enzyme reaction solutions 1 to 6. <Experiment 7-3: Measurement for 2-Glycoside Ascorbic Acid Production Yield>
The yields of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production in enzyme reaction solutions 1 to 6, obtained in experiment 7-2, were determined as follows: enzyme reaction solutions 1 to 6 were respectively prepared in a 2 % solution with water purified, filtered with a 0.45 μm membrane filter and subjected to the HPLC analysis described in experiment 1-2, followed by calculating the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of each of the resulting enzyme reaction solutions based on the area of peak that appeared on a chromatography by a differential refractometer for each solution, and converting the calculated data into those expressed on the basis of solid and dry material. The results are in Table 7. The yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production in each solution of the enzyme reaction in Table 7 is that which can be reproducibly obtained in considerable dispersion, even when the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production reaction and glucoamylase treatment are repeated five times under the same conditions for each CGTase.Table 7
Note *: After glucoamylase treatment
As shown in Table 7, in case of using CGTase derived from a microorganism of Bacillus macerans species (reaction solution 1), the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production after glucoamylase treatment was up to 16% and, in the case of Using CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Paenibacillus illinoisensis (reaction 2 solution), the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production was as low as 18%. On the contrary, in the case of using the CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (reaction 3 solution), the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production reached 28% and, in the case of using the CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes (reaction 4 solution), the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production reached 30%. Additionally, in the case of using G176R/Y452H and K228I, mutants of a CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, the yields of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production reached 32% and 31%, respectively.
The results clearly indicate that CGTases derived from Bacillus macerans and Paenibacillus illinoisensis species cannot produce 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in an efficient production yield, and they are not suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. <Experiment 8: Effect of crystallization method on purities and properties of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
Using a conventional unforced cooling method and pseudocontrolled cooling method as crystallization methods to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid were prepared from enzyme reaction solutions 3 to 6 with different yields of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production obtained in experiment 7, followed by examination of the effects of such crystallization methods on the purities and properties of pulverized 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Enzyme reaction solutions 1 and 2 with a distinctly low yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in their enzyme reaction solution stages, i.e. the enzyme reaction solutions, which were prepared by letting a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Bacillus macerans or Paenibacillus illinoisensis aja on each of their substrates, were not used to prepare powders because they were found to be unstable to efficiently produce any particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. <Experiment 8-1: Preparing Test Samples> <Test samples 23 to 26>
Enzymatic reaction solutions 3 to 6 with different yields of 2-glucoside ascorbic acid production obtained in experiment 7 were respectively decolorized with activated carbon, filtered, desalted with a cation exchange resin (H-form), and subjected to a of anion exchange (OH form) to adsorb thereto L-ascorbic acid and 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, followed by washing the resin with water to remove saccharides containing D-glucose and feeding 0.5N aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to perform the elution. Each of the eluates was concentrated to give a solids concentration of about 50%, dsb, and subjected to column chromatography using a column packed with “DIAION UBK 550” (NaT form), a product name of a resin of strong acid cation exchange marketed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Tokyo, Japan, in order to obtain high 2-glycoside ascorbic acid fractions with a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 86% or more. The collected fractions were pooled and concentrated to give a solid content of about 75%, dsb, to obtain 2-glycoside ascorbic acid containing solutions 3 to 6 (containing 86.3 to 87.1%, dsb, of 2- ascorbic glycoside), which corresponded to enzymatic reaction solutions 3 to 6, respectively.
Each of the above 3-6 ascorbic acid-2-glucoside-containing solutions was placed in a crystallizer, mixed with anhydrous crystalline 2-glucoside-ascorbic acid as a seed crystal at a content of about two percent (w/v) of the volume of each. saccharide solution, and crystallized by non-forcefully cooling each solution from 40°C to 15°C for about 48 hours under stirring conditions to obtain a baked mass with precipitated anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. An anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was collected from the cooked pasta by a conventional basket-type centrifuge, washed with deionized water at a content of eight percent of the weight of each cooked pasta, aged and dried at 40°C for three hours, force cooled. blowing into it at 25°C pure air for 30 minutes, and sprayed on the particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. These particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, obtained from 2-glycoside ascorbic acid containing solutions 3 to 6 by an unforced cooling method, were respectively named test samples 23 to 26. <Test samples 23c to 26c>
Similarly to the above, a cooked dough with precipitated anhydrous 2-glycoside-ascorbic acid was obtained, except that each of the solutions containing 2-glycoside-ascorbic acid 3 to 6 with different 2-glycoside-ascorbic acid content, dsb, prepared previously, was concentrated in vacuo to give a solids concentration of about 75%, dsb, placed in a crystallizer, mixed with anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid as a seed crystal at a content of about two percent (w/v) of the volume of concentrate, and subjected to crystallization by a pseudo-controlled cooling method of cooling from 40°C to 15°C in about 48 hours under stirring conditions. In the pseudo-controlled cooling method, the crystallization time of 48 hours in total was divided into three zones of 24 hours, 12 hours, and 12 hours, in which, in the first zone, the temperature of the liquid was lowered from 40°C to 35°C. °C in 24 hours; in the intermediate zone, the temperature of the liquid was lowered from 35°C to 27.5°C in 12 hours; and in the last zone, the temperature of the liquid was lowered from 27.5°C to 15°C in 12 hours. From each cooked pasta obtained, anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was collected by a conventional basket-type centrifuge, washed with deionized water at a content of eight percent of the weight of the cooked pasta, aged and dried at 40°C for three hours. , forcibly cooled by blowing into it 25°C of pure air for 30 minutes, and sprayed onto the particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. These particulate compositions, containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained from solutions 3 to 6 containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by the method of pseudo-controlled cooling, were respectively named test samples 23c to 26c. <Experiment 8-2: Purities and properties of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from test samples 23 to 26 and test samples 23c to 26c>
For test samples 23 to 26 and test samples 23c to 26c obtained previously, they were examined, similarly to experiment 6, for their purities, degrees of crystallinity, average crystallite diameters, cake formations, and solubilities in 1, 3-Butylene glycol as a hydrophilic solvent. The results are in table 8. The result for test sample 16 as a quasi-drug grade powder was transcribed from table 6 and shown in table 8 in parallel.Table 8

As shown in Table 8, the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content, dsb, or the 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity in the 15 anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate compositions of test samples 23 through 26 and test samples 23c at 26c were all above 98%, and these test samples were particulate compositions containing an anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of relatively high purity similar to test sample 16 which is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. as a quasi-conventional drug grade powder.
As for crystallinity grades, test samples 23 to 26, which were prepared by applying a conventional unforced cooling method in the crystallization step for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, remained in crystallinity grades less than 90% similar to test sample 16 as a conventional quasi-drug grade powder; while all test samples 23c to 26c, which were prepared by applying a sham cooling method in the crystallization step, showed a degree of crystallinity of 90% or more, reconfirming that such a sham cooling method has an effect of increasing the degree of crystallinity of a resulting particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Similar to the crystallinity grades of the powders, the average crystallite diameters of test samples 23 to 26 remained in the range of 1220 to 1280 Â, while test samples 23c to 26c had average crystallite diameters as high as 1480 to 1540 Â.
Also regarding the formation of powder cake, test samples 23 to 26, which had degrees of crystallinity less than 90% and average crystallite diameters less than 1,400 Â, were considered "cake-turned" (+), while the test samples 23c and 26c, which had degrees of crystallinity of at least 90% and average crystallite diameters of 1400 Â or more, were considered “non-cake” (-). As for the solubility in 1,3-butylene glycol, each test sample was considered “approval solubility” (-).
The results in experiments 7 and 8 indicate that a particulate composition, which has a degree of crystallinity of at least 90% and which is significantly less prone to cake formation, is produced by preparing a solution of the enzymatic reaction with an acid production yield 27% or more ascorbic 2-glycoside using, in a process to produce anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, any of a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Geobacillus stearothermophilus, its mutant enzymes, and a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes} purifying the enzyme reaction solution to give a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 86% or more; and applying a pseudo-controlled cooling method or controlled cooling method in the crystallization step. <Experiment 9: Effect of using starch debranching enzyme combination on yields of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production by CGTases derived from various microorganisms>
The following experiment was conducted to examine how the use of the combination of a starch debranching enzyme affects the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production in an enzyme reaction solution, obtained through an enzymatic reaction using any of the CGTases derived from various microorganisms in an enzymatic reaction system, where any such CGTases can act naturally in a solution containing liquefied starch and L-ascorbic acid and then glucoamylase can act naturally in the resulting solution to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. <Experiment 9-1: 2-Glycoside Ascorbic Acid Production Reaction>
A 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production reaction was conducted similarly to experiment 7, except to leave 1000 units/g of dextrin, dsb, from an isoamylase enzyme preparation (derived from a microorganism of the species Pseudomonas amyloder arnosa, commercialized by Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama, Japan) as a starch debranching enzyme along with any of the CGTases used in experiment 7. The resulting 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was treated with glucoamylase to obtain any of the enzyme reaction solutions 7 to 12, as shown in table 9 described later, followed by measurement of the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production in each of enzyme reaction solutions 7 to 12 by the method in experiment 1-2. The results are in table 9.Table 9
Note *: After glucoamylase treatment
As seen in table 9, when used in combination with a starch debranching enzyme, CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Bacillus macerans (solution of reaction 7) and CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Paenibacillus illinoisensis (reaction solution 8 ) exhibited 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production yields of 21% and 25%, respectively, after glucoamylase treatment. However, the CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (reaction solution 9) exhibited a production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 37%, and the CGTase derived from a microorganism of the Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes species (reaction solution 10 ) exhibited a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production yield of 33%. In the case of using G176R/Y452H and K228I, mutants of a CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 exhibited 37% and 36%, respectively.
Varying depending on the origins of CGTases, the use of the combination of a starch debranching enzyme (isoamylase) with the enzymatic reaction by CGTase most significantly increased the yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production after treatment with glucoamylase in either solution of enzymatic reaction 7 to 12 at 3% to 9%, compared to that obtained with a single use of the respective CGTases (see reaction solutions 1 to 6 in table 7). In the case of CGTase derived from a microorganism of the Bacillus macerans species (reaction 7 solution) and
CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Paenibacillus illinoisensis (solution of reaction 8), even when a starch debranching enzyme was used in combination, the yields of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production after treatment with glucoamylase remained at 21% and 25% %, respectively, which were significantly lower than those obtained with a single use of any of the CGTases other than the CGTases identified above (see reaction solutions 3 to 6 in table 7).
The previous results indicate that when a starch debranching enzyme is used in combination, CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes, and G176R/Y452H and K228I as mutants of the CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus more efficiently produce 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by virtue of they achieve a higher yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production of about 3% to about 9% than that achieved with a single use of any of the CGTases without using a starch debranching enzyme.
Previous results reconfirmed that CGTases derived from Bacillus macerans and Paenibacillus illinoisensis species are not suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid because they cannot efficiently produce 2-glycoside ascorbic acid even when used in combination with a debranching enzyme. of starch. <Experiment 10: Effect of crystallization method on production of particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from reaction solution obtained using CGTase and starch debranching enzyme in combination>
In this experiment, the effect of the crystallization method on the purity and properties of a pulverized 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was examined similarly to experiment 8, during the production of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from a solution of enzymatic reaction obtained using a CGTase and a starch debranching enzyme in combination. For enzyme reaction solutions 7 and 8 with a relatively low 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production yield, neither of these powders was prepared with the same motive as in experiment 8. <Experiment 10-1: Preparing Test Samples> <Test samples 27 to 30>
Enzyme reaction solutions 9 to 12, obtained in experiment 9, were respectively purified similarly to experiment 8 in solutions 9 to 12 containing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid with a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 86 % or more, followed by precipitation of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by applying a non-forced cooling method similarly to experiment 8-1 to prepare particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid for use as test samples 27 to 30. <Test samples 27c to 30c>
Similar to test samples 27 to 30, except for applying the same method of pseudocontrolled cooling as in experiment 8 in the crystallization step for 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid were prepared from the solutions containing 2-glycoside-ascorbic acid 9 to 12 with an ascorbic acid content of 86% or more for use as test samples 27c and 30c. <Experiment 10-2: Purities and properties of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid from test samples 27 to 30 and test samples 27c to 30c>
Similar to experiment 8, test samples 27 to 30 and test samples 27c to 30c were respectively examined for their 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purities, degrees of crystallinity, average crystallite diameters, cake formations, and solubilities in 1 ,3-butylene glycol as a hydrophilic solvent. The results are in table 10. The result of test sample 16 as a quasi-drug grade powder was transcribed from table 6 and shown in table 10 in parallel. Table 10

As is evident from Table 10, any of test samples 27 to 30 excluding test sample 28 and test samples 27c to 30c had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of at least 99.2%, a degree of crystallinity of at least 92.6%, and an average crystallite diameter of 1440 Â or more, and they were powders that did not exhibit any cake formation under the conditions tested. Test sample 28, which was prepared from a solution of the enzymatic reaction with a production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of up to 33% at the stage of an enzymatic reaction prepared by applying a non-forced cooling method in the crystallization step , had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 99.2%, a degree of crystallinity of 88.0%, and an average crystallite diameter of 1,280 Â, and it was considered "cake-turned" (+) in the test of pie formation. On the contrary, as is evident from the results of test sample 28c, even when the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid remains at most 33% at the stage of an enzymatic reaction, a powder that does not show cake formation can be obtained by applying a method of pseudo-controlled cooling in the crystallization step to make it have a degree of crystallinity of at least 90% and an average crystallite diameter of 1400 Å or more.
The above results indicate that a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is significantly less prone to cake formation and has a degree of crystallinity of at least 90%, can be produced from a solution of the enzymatic reaction with a higher yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production at 35% or more by combinatorially using a starch debranching enzyme in a reaction to produce 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, regardless of the cooling method used in the crystallization step; and a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is significantly less prone to cake formation and has a degree of crystallinity of at least 90%, can be produced even from a solution of the enzymatic reaction in a higher yield. production of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid to about 33% as well as below 35% by applying a pseudo-controlled cooling method or controlled cooling method in the crystallization step. <Experiment 11: Common partial amino acid sequences of CGTases suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
To characterize CGTases suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOs: 1, 4 and 5) of a CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 and its mutant enzymes, and an amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) of a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes, which are suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, were compared to an amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) of a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the Bacillus macerans species and the (SEQ ID NO:7) of a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Paenibacillus illinoisensis, which are not suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. Comparing these amino acid sequences, those of CGTases derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus and a microorganism of the species Bacillus macerans, which was exclusively determined by the same applicant of the present invention, disclosed respectively in Japanese Patent Kokai No. 135581/86 were used. , applied for by the same applicant as the present invention. An amino acid sequence registered in “GenBank”, a gene database, with accession number 35484 was used as that for a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes. Additionally, it was used as the amino acid sequence of a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Paenibacillus illinoisensis, the one encoded by the nucleotide sequence, determined exclusively by the same applicant of the present invention after cloning the CGTase gene from Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain NBRC15379.
In comparison with the above amino acid sequences, the following partial amino acid sequences from (a) to (d) were determined to be those that commonly exist in CGTases suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, i.e. a CGTase derived from the Tc strain -91 of Geobacillus stearothermophilus, its mutant enzymes, and a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the species Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes, but they do not exist in CGTases not suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, that is, CGTases derived from microorganisms of the species Bacillus macerans and Paenibacillus illinoisensis: (a) Asn-Glu-Val-Asp-X]-Asn-Asn; (b) Met-Ile-Gln-XrThr-Ala; (c) Pro-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Asn-Ile; and (d) Val-Xj-Ser-Asn-Gly-Ser-Val. (Where Xi means Pro or Ala, X2 means Ser or Asp, and X3 means Ser or Gly).
Based on the above results, CGTase was found to be suitable for producing 2-glycoside ascorbic acid by the process according to the present invention, i.e. CGTases, which achieve a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production yield of 27% or further, they are characterized by the partial amino acid sequences (a) to (d) identified above.
The following examples, comparative examples, and examples for reference explain the present invention in more detail, but the present invention should never be restricted thereto. Example 1 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
Four parts by weight of liquefied potato starch were added to 20 parts by weight of water, dissolved in it by heating, and mixed with three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid, followed by adjusting the resulting solution to pH 5.5 for use. as a substrate solution. The substrate solution was added to a crude enzyme solution (produced by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan) of a CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (deposited with the International Patent Organism Depositary in National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-8566 Japan, with accession number FERM BP-11273) in an amount of 100 units/g of liquefied potato starch solid, dsb, and enzymatically reacted at 55°C for 40 hours to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids such as 2-Oa-maltosyl-ascorbic acid, 2-Oa acid - maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, and 2-Oa-maltotetraosyl-L-ascorbic acid.
After heating the enzyme reaction solution to inactivate the remaining enzymes, the resulting solution was adjusted to pH 4.5, mixed with “GLUCZYME AF6”, a product name of a glucoamylase specimen (6,000 units/g), marketed by Amano Enzyme, Inc., Aichi, Japan, in an amount of 50 units/g solid, dsb, of liquefied potato starch and treated at 55°C in 24 hours to hydrolyze a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids to acid 2 -ascorbic glycoside and to hydrolyze the concomitant saccharides to D-glucose. The production yield of L-ascorbic acid 2-glycoside was about 28%.
After inactivating the remaining enzyme by heating, the enzyme reaction solution was decolorized with activated carbon and filtered, and the filtrate was desalted with a cation exchange resin (H* form). Then, L-ascorbic acid and 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the desalted solution were allowed to adsorb onto an anion exchange resin (OH' form), followed by washing the resin with water to remove D-glucose impurities before elution with aqueous solution of 0.5N hydrochloric acid. The concentrate was concentrated to a solids concentration of about 50% and subjected to simulated moving bed column chromatography using 10 columns packed with “DIAION UBK 550” (Na+ form), a name of a strong acid cation exchange resin product sold by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Tokyo, Japan. The resulting eluate was loaded onto the columns at a level of about 1/40 times the volume of the wet resin volume, followed by feeding into columns of an eluent at a level of about 5 times the volumes of the loaded volume and sequentially collecting fractions rich in 2-glycoside ascorbic acid but low in L-ascorbic acid. The fractions were pooled, revealing that they contained 87.2%, d.s.b., of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
After the pooled fractions were concentrated under a low pressure to a concentrate about 76%, which was then placed in a crystallizer and mixed with “ASCORBIC ACID 2-GLUCOSIDE 999” (Code No.: AG 124, an acid purity 2 -ascorbic glycoside of at least 99.9%), a product name of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, marketed as a standard analytical reagent by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, as a crystal seed, at a content of two percent of the solids content. Then, the mixture solution was adjusted to 40°C and subjected to a pseudo-controlled cooling method of cooling the solution from 40°C to 30°C in 1.5 days and then cooling it from 30°C to 15°C. in 0.5 day under gentle stirring conditions to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
The precipitated crystals were collected by a basket-type centrifuge, washed by jetting them with a small amount of cold purified water, aged and dried at 38°C for three hours, cooled by blowing them in 25°C air for 45 minutes, and pulverized to obtain a composition particulate matter containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 99.3%, a total L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose content of 0.1%, an L-ascorbic acid content less than 0.1%, a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.27%, a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 90.3%, and an average crystallite diameter of 1,460 Å. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical H1Oo and Ho values obtained in experiment 1-2. When measured for particle size distribution, the particulate composition contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 91.0 % and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 50.7%.
The particulate composition is easily manipulated by virtue of it being significantly less prone to cake formation and has superior solubility in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-medicines, compared to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder marketed as a skin whitening ingredient. for almost medicines. Since the particulate composition does not differ from a conventional quasi-drug grade powder such as this in that it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid similarly to the above conventional quasi-drug grade powder, it can be used alone or in combination. with other ingredients such as a powdered material for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc. Example 2 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
A particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared similarly to example 1, except that a pullulanase (product code of "EN201", sold by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan) derived from a microorganism of the species Klebsiella pneumoniae (Aerobacter aerogenes) acts in a solution containing liquefied starch and L-ascorbic acid in an amount of five units per solid of the liquefied starch, when allowing CGTase to act in the solution containing liquefied starch and L-ascorbic acid; and employing a pseudo-controlled cooling method of cooling the solution from 40°C to 35°C in 1.5 day and then cooling it from 35°C to 15°C in 0.5 day, when anhydrous crystalline ascorbic acid 2-glycoside precipitates Furthermore, the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the enzyme reaction solution after glucoamylase treatment was about 29.5%. d.s.b, in the solution, which was subjected to crystallization of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, was 9'1.8%.
The product had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 99.5%, a total L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose content of 0.1%, an L-ascorbic acid content of less than 0.1%, a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.21%, a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 91.0%, and an average crystallite diameter of 1,540 Â. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical Hioo and Ho values obtained in experiment 1-2. When measured for particle size distribution, the particulate composition contained particles with a particle size of less than 150 μm at a content of 93.0 % and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 53.7%.
The particulate composition is easily manipulated by virtue of it being significantly less prone to cake formation and having superior solubility in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-drugs, compared to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder marketed as a skin whitening ingredient. for almost medicines. Since the particulate composition does not differ from a conventional quasi-drug grade powder such as this in that it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid similarly to the above conventional quasi-drug grade powder, it can be used alone or in combination. with other ingredients such as a powdered material for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc. Example 3 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
Five parts by weight of corn starch was added to 15 parts by weight of water and then dissolved by heating after the addition of a commercially available liquefaction enzyme. The resulting solution was mixed with three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid and adjusted to pH 5.5 for use as a substrate solution. To the substrate solution was added 'TORUZYME 3.0L' (see, for example, Patent Literatures 30 and 31), a product name of a commercially available CGTase specimen, marketed by Novozymes Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, which was prepared by recombining a CGTase gene derived from a microorganism of the genus Thermoanaerobacter and allowing the resulting recombinant CGTase to be expressed in a microorganism of the genus Bacillus, in an amount of 100 units/g of corn starch solid, dsb, and reacted enzymatically at 55 °C for 50 hours to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and other a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids.
After inactivating the remaining enzymes by heating, the enzyme reaction solution was adjusted to pH 4.5, mixed with “GLUCOZYME #20000”, a product name of a glucoamylase specimen with an activity of 20,000 units/g, marketed by Nagase ChemteX Corp., Osaka, Japan, in an amount of 50 units/g corn starch solid, dsb, and enzymatically reacted at 55°C in 24 hours to hydrolyze a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids such as 2 -O-amaltosyl-ascorbic acid, 2-Oa-maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, and 2-O-amaltotetraosyl-L-ascorbic acid to 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and to hydrolyze the concomitant saccharides to D-glucose. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the resulting reaction solution was about 31%.
After inactivating the remaining enzyme by heating, the reaction solution was decolorized with activated carbon and filtered. The filtrate was desalted with a cation exchange resin (fT form) and fed with an anion exchange resin (OH' form) to thereby adsorb L-ascorbic acid and 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, followed by washing the anion exchange resin. with water to remove D-glucose and feeding the 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution into the resin for elution. The eluate was subjected to column chromatography using “TOYOPEARL HW-40”, a product name of a porous resin from Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan, to collect fractions rich in 2-glycoside ascorbic acid but low in L-acid. - ascorbic The fractions collected were pooled, revealing that they contained 88.6%, d.s.b., of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
The pooled fractions were concentrated under low pressure to about 76% concentrate, which was then placed in a crystallizer and mixed with the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition prepared in Example 1, as a seed crystal, in a content of two percent of the solids content. Then the concentrate was heated to 40°C and subjected to a pseudo-controlled cooling method of cooling the concentrate under gentle stirring conditions from 40°C to 33°C in 1.5 days and then from 33°C to 15°C. C in 0.5 day to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
The crystals were collected using a basket-type centrifuge, washed by blasting them with a small amount of distilled water, aging and drying the resulting product at 35°C for eight hours, cooling the resulting product by blowing into it 25°C air for 15 minutes, and spraying the cooled product to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 99.2%, a total L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose content of less than 0.1% , an L-ascorbic acid content of less than 0.1%, a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.17%, a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 91.5%, and a diameter of 1,610 ° average crystallite. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical values H]00 and Ho obtained in experiment 1-2. When measured for particle size distribution, the particulate composition contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 83.2% and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 57.1%.
The particulate composition is easily manipulated by virtue of it being significantly less prone to cake formation and has superior solubility in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-medicines, compared to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder marketed as a skin whitening ingredient. for almost medicines. Since the particulate composition does not differ from a conventional quasi-drug grade powder such as this in that it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid similarly to the above conventional quasi-drug grade powder, it can be used alone or in combination. with other ingredients such as a powdered material for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc. Example 4 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
A particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared using the same method as in Example I, except for adding six parts by weight of corn starch to 15 parts by weight of water, dissolving the corn starch by heating after heating. addition of a commercially available liquefaction enzyme, adding three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid to the resulting solution, leaving "TORUZYME 3.0L", a product name of a commercially available CGTase, marketed by Novozymes Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, act on the solution, in which a specimen of isoamylase derived from a microorganism of the species Pseudomonas amyloderamosa (ATCC 21262), marketed by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, was allowed to act on the solution in an amount of 500 units/ g of cornstarch solid, dsb, and employing a pseudo-controlled cooling method of cooling the solution from 40°C to 35°C in 24 hours and then cooling it from 35°C to at 15°C in 12 hours, during precipitation of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid production in the reaction solution after glucoamylase treatment was about 32.5%. The content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, d.s.b., in the solution, which was subjected to precipitation of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, was 89.6%.
The product had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 99.7%, a total L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose content of less than 0.1%, an L-ascorbic acid content of less than 0.1%, a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.10%, a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 92.4%, and an average crystallite diameter of 1,670 Å. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical values Hioo and Ho obtained in experiment 1-2. When measured for particle size distribution, the particulate composition contained particles with a particle size of less than 150 μm at a content of 94.5% and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm in a content of 55.3%.
The particulate composition is easily manipulated by virtue of it being significantly less prone to cake formation and has superior solubility in hydrophilic solvents widely used in cosmetics and quasi-medicines, compared to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder marketed as a skin whitening ingredient. for almost medicines. Since the particulate composition does not differ from a conventional quasi-drug grade powder such as this in that it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid similarly to the above conventional quasi-drug grade powder, it can be used alone or in combination. with other ingredients such as a powdered material for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc. Example 5 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
Five parts by weight of corn starch was added to 15 parts by weight of water and then dissolved in it by heating after the addition of a commercially available liquefaction enzyme. The resulting solution was mixed with three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid and adjusted to pH 5.5 for use as a substrate solution. The substrate solution was added G176R/Y452H as a mutant of a CGTase derived from the Tc-91 strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus used in experiments 7 and 9 in an amount of 100 units/g corn starch solid, dsb, and enzymatically reacted at 55°C for 50 hours to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and other α-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids.
After inactivating the remaining enzymes by heating, the reaction solution was adjusted to pH 4.5, mixed with “GLUCOZYME #20000”, a product name of a glucoamylase specimen (20,000 units/g), marketed by Nagase ChemteX Corp. ., Osaka, Japan, in an amount of 50 units/g corn starch solid, dsb, and enzymatically reacted at 55°C in 24 hours to hydrolyze a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid such as 2-Oa- maltosyl-ascorbic acid, 2-Oa-maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, and 2-Oa-maltotetraosyl-L-ascorbic acid to 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and to hydrolyze the concomitant saccharides to D-glucose. The production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in the resulting reaction solution was about 31.5%.
After inactivating the remaining enzyme by heating, the reaction solution was decolorized with activated carbon and filtered. The filtrate was desalted with a cation exchange resin (H+ form) and fed into an anion exchange resin (OH' form) to adsorb L-ascorbic acid and 2-glycoside ascorbic acid therefor, followed by washing the anion exchange resin. with water to remove D-glucose and feeding the 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution into the resin for elution. The eluate was fed into column chromatography using “TOYOPEARL HW-40”, a product name of a porous resin from Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan, to collect fractions rich in 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, but low in acid. L-ascorbic. The fractions collected were pooled, revealing that they contained 87.6%, d.s.b., of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
The pooled fractions were then placed in a crystallizer and mixed with “ASCORBIC ACID 2-GLUCOSIDE 999” (Code No.: AG 124, an ascorbic acid 2-glycoside purity of at least 99.9%), a product name of a standard reagent grade particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, available from Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, as a seed crystal, at a content of two percent of the solids content. Then, the mixture solution was adjusted to 40°C and subjected to a pseudo-controlled cooling method of successively cooling the solution from 40°C to 35°C in 24 hours, from 35°C to 30°C in 12 hours. , and from 30°C to 15°C in 12 hours under gentle stirring conditions to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The crystals were collected using a basket-type centrifuge, washed by blasting them with purified water at a content of about five percent of the weight of a cooked mass, aging and drying the resultant at 35°C for eight hours, cooling the dry product by blowing into it. 20°C air for 10 minutes, and spraying the cooled product to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 99.2%, a total L -ascorbic acid and D-glucose of 0.4%, an L-ascorbic acid content of less than 0.1%, and a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.50%.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid product thus obtained had a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 90.4%, and an average crystallite diameter of 1,480 Å. The anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical values H|Oo and Ho obtained in experiment 1-2. When the particulate composition was measured for particle size distribution, it contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 85.2 % and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 69.3%. When the composition was subjected to the same cake-forming test as in Experiment 1-4, it was considered “not caked” (-). Also, the product was considered to have “passable solubility” when subjected to the same solubility test in 1,3-butylene glycol in experiment 6.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid produced by the process identified above is powder that is significantly less prone to cake formation and is easily storable and handleable, even though the particulate composition has no major difference compared to “AA2G”, a product name of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, as a commercially available quasi-medical grade powder, sold by Hayashibara Shoji, Co., Ltd., Okayama, Japan. Since the particulate composition is similar to a quasi-conventional drug grade powder such as this in which it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and since it is easily stored and handled, it can be more suitably used as a material for food products, food additives , cosmetics, quasi-medicines, pharmaceuticals, etc. Example 6 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
Four parts by weight of liquefied potato starch was added to 20 parts by weight of water and then dissolved in it by heating. The resulting solution was mixed with three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid and adjusted to pH 5.5 for use as a substrate solution. The substrate solution was added a CGTase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 in an amount of 100 units/g starch solid, dsb, and “GODO-FIA”, a product name of an isoamylase specimen derived from a microorganism of the species Flavobacterium odoratus produced by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, in an amount of 500 units/g of starch solid, dsb, and reacted enzymatically at 55°C for 40 hours to form 2- ascorbic glycoside and α-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids such as 2-Oα-maltosyl-L-ascorbic acid, 2-Oα-maltotriosyl-L-ascorbic acid, and maltotetraosyl-L-ascorbic acid.
After heating to inactivate the remaining enzymes, the enzyme reaction solution was adjusted to pH 4.5, mixed with “GLUCZYME AF6”, a product name of a glucoamylase specimen (6,000 units/g), marketed by Amano Enzyme Inc. ., Aichi, Japan, in an amount of 50 units/g starch solid, dsb, and heat treated at 55°C in 24 hours to hydrolyze α-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids to 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and the concomitant saccharides on D-glucose. The production yield of L-ascorbic acid 2-glycoside in the reaction solution was about 36%.
The reaction solution was heated to inactivate the remaining enzyme, decolorized with an activated carbon, filtered, desalted with a cation exchange resin (H4" form), and subjected to an anion exchange resin (OH' form) to adsorb through it. L-ascorbic acid and 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, followed by washing the anion exchange resin with water to remove D-glucose-containing saccharides and feeding the 0.5N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution to perform the elution. The eluate was concentrated to give a solids concentration of about 50%, dsb, and subjected to a simulated moving bed column chromatography using 10 columns packed with “DIAION UBK 550” (Na+ form), a product name of a cation exchange resin of strong acid marketed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Tokyo, Japan. The eluate, which was concentrated to give a solids concentration of about 50%, was loaded into the columns at a level of about 1/40th the volume of the volume.resin, and fed with an eluent at a level of about 15 times the volumes of the volume loaded to elute 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, followed by collection of fractions rich in 2-glycoside ascorbic acid but low in L- ascorbic The fractions were pooled, revealing that they contained about 86.6%, d.s.b., of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
The pooled fractions were concentrated in vacuo to about 76% concentrate, which were then placed in a crystallizer and mixed with "ASCORBIC ACID 2-GLUCOSIDE 999" (Code No.: AG 124, an ascorbic acid 2-glycoside purity of at least 99.9%), a product name of a reagent grade particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, marketed by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, as a seed crystal, at a level of two percent of the solids contents. Then, the mixture solution was adjusted to 40°C and cooled in 48 hours, successively cooling the solution from 40°C to 35°C in 20 hours, from 35°C to 30°C in 16 hours, and from 30°C C to 15°C in 12 hours under gentle stirring conditions by a pseudo-controlled cooling method to crystallize anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The crystals were collected using a basket-type centrifuge, washed by blasting them with purified water at a content of about five percent of the weight of the cooked mass, aging and drying the resultant at 38°C for three hours, cooling the resulting product by blowing into them 20 °C in air for 45 minutes, and spraying the cooled product to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which had a purity of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 99.5 %, dsb, a total L-acid content -ascorbic acid and D-glucose of 0.1%, an L-ascorbic acid content of less than 0.1%, and a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.21%.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid obtained by the previously identified process had a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 93.9%, and an average crystallite diameter of 1630 Å. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical H1Oo and Ho values obtained in experiment 1-2. When the particulate composition was measured for particle size distribution, it contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 91.2 % and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 57.3%. When the composition was subjected to the same cake-forming test as in Experiment 1-4, it was considered “not caked” (-). Also, when the product was subjected to the same solubility test in 1,3-butylene glycol in experiment 6, it was considered “solubility passable”.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid is a powder which is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder, and it can be advantageously used as a material for food products, food additives , cosmetics, quasi-medicines, pharmaceuticals, etc. Example 7 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
A particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was produced similarly to example 6, except for the use, in the production reaction for 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, of “TORUZYME 3.0L”, a product name of a recombinant CGTase, marketed by Novozymes Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, prepared from a CGTase derived from a microorganism of the genus Thermoanaerobacter, and “PROMOZYME”, a product name of a pullulanase specimen derived from a microorganism of the species Bacillus acidopullulyticus, marketed by Novozymes Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, as a starch debranching enzyme to be used in combination with CGTase, in an amount of 50 units/g starch solid, dsb; and, in the crystallization step, applying a pseudo-controlled cooling method of cooling the enzymatic reaction solution from 40°C to 15°C in 48 hours for five steps, that is, sequentially cooling the solution from 40°C to 38°C in 12 hours, from 38°C to 35°C in 12 hours, from 35°C to 30°C in eight hours, from 30°C to 23°C in eight hours, and then from 23°C to 15°C in eight hours. The particulate composition had, on the basis of solid and dry material, a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 99.3%, a total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose of 0.1%, a content of L -ascorbic acid less than 0.1%, and a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.28%. This process provided a production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 32.9% in the reaction solution after treatment with glucoamylase. The content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, d.s.b, in the solution, which was subjected to crystallization from anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, was 86.4%.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid had a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 96.4%, and had an average crystallite diameter of 1570 Å. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical H1Oo and Ho values obtained in experiment 1-2. When the particulate composition was measured for particle size distribution, it contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 92.2% and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 54.8%. When the composition was subjected to the same cake-forming test as in Experiment 1-4, it was considered “not caked” (-). Also, the product was considered to have “approved solubility”, when subjected to the same solubility test in 1,3-butylene glycol as in experiment 6.
The anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition produced by the process identified above is a powder that is significantly less prone to cake formation and is easily storable and handleable yet although the particulate composition has no major difference compared to “AA2G”, a product name of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, as a commercially available quasi-medical grade powder, sold by Hayashibara Shoji, Co., Ltd., Okayama, Japan.
Since the particulate composition is similar to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder such as this in that it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and since it is easily stored and handled, it can be more suitably used as a material for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc. Example 8 <Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
A particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was produced similarly to example 3, except using a general purpose programmed constant circulator for crystallization system in the crystallization step for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, and applying a method controlled cooling of cooling the reaction solution from 40°C to 15°C for 48 hours by a 20-step cooling profile close to or identical to formula [7] in such a way as to feed a temperature-controlled heat carrier in the jacket a crystallizer. The particulate composition thus obtained had, on the basis of solid and dry material, a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 99.6%, a total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose of 0.1%, a L-ascorbic acid less than 0.1%, and a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.17%. This production provided a production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of about 31% in the reaction solution after treatment with glucoamylase. The content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, d.s.b., in the solution, which was subjected to crystallization from anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, was 88.7%.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid had a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 93.0%, and had an average crystallite diameter of 1650 Å. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical Hioo and Ho values obtained in experiment 1-2. When the particulate composition was measured for particle size distribution, it contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 90.4% and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 65.3%. When the composition was subjected to the same cake-forming test as in Experiment 1-4, it was considered “not caked” (-). Also, the product was considered to have “approved solubility”, when subjected to the same solubility test in 1,3-butylene glycol as in experiment 6.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid produced by the process identified above is a powder that is significantly less prone to cake formation and is easily storable and handleable, although the particulate composition has no major difference compared to “AA2G”, a product name of a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, as a commercially available quasi-medical grade powder, sold by Hayashibara Shoji, Co., Ltd., Okayama, Japan.
Since the particulate composition is similar to a conventional quasi-drug grade powder such as this in that it is a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and since it is easily stored and handled, it can be more suitably used as a material for food products, food additives, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc. <Comparative Example 1: Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
A particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared similarly to example 1, except using a conventional unforced cooling method without applying a pseudo-controlled cooling method in the crystallization step for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The particulate composition thus obtained had, based on solid and dry material, a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 98.6%, a total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose of 0.5%, a L-ascorbic acid less than 0.3%, and a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.72%. This production provided a production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of about 28.4% in the reaction solution after treatment with glucoamylase, and the content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, in the solution, which was subjected to precipitation of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was 86.5%.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid had a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 87.5%, and had an average crystallite diameter of 1290 Å. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical H]QO and Ho values obtained in experiment 1-2. When the particulate composition was measured for particle size distribution, it contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 74.8 % and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 68.6%. When the composition was subjected to the same cake-forming test as in experiment 1-4, it was considered “turned into cake” (+). Also, when the product was subjected to the same solubility test in 1,3-butylene glycol as in experiment 6, it was considered “solubility passable”. <Comparative Example 2: Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
A particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was prepared similarly to example 3, except using a conventional unforced cooling method without applying a pseudo-controlled cooling method in the crystallization step for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The particulate composition thus obtained had, based on solid and dry material, a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid content of 98.3%, a total content of L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose of 0.6%, a L-ascorbic acid less than 0.4%, and a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.85%. This production provided a production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of about 30.5% in the reaction solution after treatment with glucoamylase, and the content of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, dsb, in the solution, which was subjected to crystallization of anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid was 87.8%.
The particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid had a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 88.6%, and had an average crystallite diameter of 1.310 Å. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical Hioo and HQ values obtained in experiment 1-2. When the particulate composition was measured for particle size distribution, it contained particles with a particle size of less than 150 μm at a content of 76.5% and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 68.4%. When the composition was subjected to the same cake-forming test as in Experiment 1-4, it was considered “turned into cake” (+). Also, when the product was subjected to the same solubility test in 1,3-butylene glycol as in experiment 6, it was considered “solubility passable”. <Reference Example 1: Production of the particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid>
Five parts by weight of potato starch was added to parts by weight of water and then dissolved in it by heating after the addition of a commercially available liquefaction enzyme. The resulting solution was mixed with three parts by weight of L-ascorbic acid and adjusted to pH 5.5 for use as a substrate solution. The substrate solution was added to a CGTase derived from the Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain Tc-91 (deposited at the International Patent Organism Depositary in National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi , Ibaraki-ken, 3058566 Japan, FERM accession number BP-11273) and an isoamylase, produced by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan, in the respective amounts of 100 units and 1000 units/g solid of the potato starch, dsb, and reacted at 55°C for 50 hours to form 2-glycoside ascorbic acid and other a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids. After inactivating the remaining enzymes by heating, the reaction solution was adjusted to pH 4.5, mixed with “GLUCOZYME #20000”, a product name of a glucoamylase specimen with an activity of 20,000 units/g, marketed by Nagase ChemteX Corp., Osaka, Japan, in an amount of 50 units/g of potato starch solid, dsb, and enzymatically reacted at 55°C in 24 hours to hydrolyze a-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acids to 2-glycoside acid ascorbic acid and to hydrolyze the concomitant saccharides to D-glucose. The production yield of 2-ascorbic glycoside in the resulting reaction solution was about 38%.
After heating to inactivate the remaining enzyme, the reaction solution was decolorized with activated carbon and filtered. The filtrate was desalted with a cation exchange resin (H+ form) and fed into an anion exchange resin (OH' form) to adsorb L-ascorbic acid and 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, followed by washing the anion exchange resin with water. to remove D-glucose and feed the 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution onto the resin to carry out the elution. The eluate was fed into column chromatography using “TOYOPEARL HW-40”, a product name of a porous resin from Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan, to collect fractions rich in 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, but low in acid. L-ascorbic. The fractions collected were pooled, revealing that they contained 87.6%, d.s.b., of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid.
The pooled fractions were concentrated in vacuo to about 76% concentrate, which was then placed in a crystallizer and mixed with the anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid-containing particulate composition prepared in example 1, as a seed crystal, at a level of two percent of the solids contents. Then, the resulting mixture was heated to 40°C and subjected to a non-forced cooling method of cooling the mixture to 15°C for two days under gentle stirring conditions to precipitate anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid. The crystals were collected using a basket-type centrifuge, washed by blasting them with a small amount of distilled water, aging and drying the resulting product at 35°C for eight hours, cooling the resulting product by blowing on it with 20°C of air for 10 minutes, and spraying the cooled product to obtain a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which had a 2-glycoside ascorbic acid purity of 98.5%, a total L-ascorbic acid and D-glucose content of less than 0.1 %, an L-ascorbic acid content of less than 0.1%, a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of 0.15%, a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid of 91.8%, and a average crystallite diameter of 1,320 Â. Incidentally, the anterior degree of crystallinity was determined by the Herman method using the analytical Hioo and Ho values obtained in experiment 1-2. When the particulate composition was measured for particle size distribution, it contained particles with a particle size less than 150 μm at a content of 83.0 % and those with a particle size of 53 μm or more but less than 150 μm at a content of 57.7%. When the composition was subjected to the same cake formation test, storage stability test, and solubility test as in the respective experiments 1-4, 3-2, and 6, it was considered “not caked” (-) in the cake formation test and in the storage stability test, but considered “failing solubility” (-) in the solubility test. Industrial Applicability
As described above in accordance with the process for producing a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, a particulate composition containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid, which is significantly less prone to cake formation compared to near-grade powders. conventional medicine, can be produced using either starch or dextrin and L-ascorbic acid as materials and applying a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method in the crystallization step, even when the production yield of 2-glycoside ascorbic acid in a solution of the enzymatic reaction does not reach 35%. As described above, the process according to the present invention expands the range of choices for enzymes used and allows to more effectively produce particulate compositions containing anhydrous crystalline 2-glycoside ascorbic acid on an industrial scale using either starch or dextrin and acid as materials. L-ascorbic which are finite resources; and so it has a particular industrial utility. Explanation of Symbols
In FIG. 1, the symbols “a” through “e” mean the following: a: A diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (20) of 10.4° (Miller index (hkl): 120) for use in diameter calculation of crystallite; b: A diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (20) of 13.2° (Miller index (hkl): 130) for use in calculating crystallite diameter; c: A diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of 18.3° (Miller index (hkl):230) for use in calculating crystallite diameter; d: A diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of 21.9° (Miller index (hkl):060) for use in calculating crystallite diameter; and e: A diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of 22.6° (Miller index (hkl): 131) for use in calculating crystallite diameter, In FIG. 5, the following symbols mean the following: pUC ori: A pUC plasmid origin of replication; T7 : T7 Promoter; White arrow (Amp): An ampicillin resistant gene; and Black arrow: A CGTase gene. In FIG. 6, the symbols “a” through “c” mean the following: a : Controlled cooling curve; b : Linear cooling; and c : Unforced cooling curve.

权利要求:
Claims (6)
[0001]
1. Process for producing a particulate composition comprising anhydrous crystalline 2.OaD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid, characterized in that said process comprises the following steps (a) to (e): (a) incubating an aqueous solution comprising cyclomaltodextrin glucantransferase , L-ascorbic acid, liquefied starch, or, dextrin to obtain a reaction mixture, and then further incubate the reaction mixture along with glucoamylase to obtain a resulting solution with a 2-OaD-glucosyl-L-acid content ascorbic acid of at least 27% by weight on a dry basis; (b) purifying the resulting solution comprising 2-Oa-Dglucosyl-L-ascorbic acid by column chromatography using an anion exchange resin as a column packing material and a simulated moving bed column chromatography using a strong acid cation exchange as a column packing material achieving a 2-OaD-glucosyl-L ascorbic acid content above 86% by weight, on a dry solid basis; (c) crystallizing 2-Oa-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid from the purified solution having a 2-Oa-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid content above 86% by weight on a dry solid basis in the presence of seed crystals in the amount from 0.1% to 5.0% by a controlled cooling method or pseudo-controlled cooling method; (d) collecting 2-O-α-D-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid crystals by centrifugation using a basket-type centrifuge; (e) aging and drying for a period between 5 to 24 hours at a temperature of 20 to 55°C and a relative humidity of 60 to 90%, the crystals of 2-OaD glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid without dissolving and recrystallizing it lo obtaining a particulate composition comprising crystals of 2-OaD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid which comprises 2-OaD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid in a content, based on dry solid material, above 98.0% by weight , but below 99.9% by weight, and has a degree of crystallinity for anhydrous crystalline 2-OaD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid of at least 90% when calculated on the basis of the powder X-ray diffraction profile of the particulate composition; where the controlled cooling method is a cooling method where the temperature T of the solution at time t is expressed by the formula: T=To-(To-Tf) (t/T)3 where T is the operating time established for the crystallization step, To is the temperature of the solution at the beginning of crystallization, and Tf is the target temperature of the liquid at the end of crystallization; and where the pseudo-controlled cooling method is a method of cooling in which the liquid temperature T is allowed to decrease linearly or stepwise with time t such that (TO - Tm) is at least 5% and less than 50% of the change in temperature. total temperature (TO-Tf), where Tm is the temperature of the liquid at time t=T/2.
[0002]
Process according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (a) a starch debranching enzyme can naturally act on said materials together with said cyclomaltodextrin glucantransferase.
[0003]
Process according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said cyclomaltodextrin glucantransferase is one comprising the following partial amino acid sequences from (a) to (d): (a) Asn-Glu-Val-Asp- X1 -Asn-Asn; (b) Met-Ile-Gln-Xz-Thr-Ala; (c) Pro-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Asn--Ile; and (d) Val-X3-Ser-Asn-Gly-Ser-Val, wherein X1 means Pro or Ala, X2 means Ser or Asp, and X3 means Ser or Gly, respectively.
[0004]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said cyclomaltodextrin glucantransferase is a natural or recombinant enzyme derived from a microorganism of the species Geobacillus stearothermophilus or Thermoanaerobacter thermosulfurigenes.
[0005]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said cyclomaltodextrin glucantransferase is one comprising any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 3, 4 and 5.
[0006]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the particulate composition obtained, comprising anhydrous crystalline 2-O-αD-glucosyl-L-ascorbic acid, contains L-ascorbic acid and/or D-glucose derived from said materials; contains said L-ascorbic acid at a content of 0.1% by weight or less, based on dry solid material; and has a reducing power of the entire particulate composition of less than 1% by weight.

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法律状态:
2018-01-23| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|

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2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-03-26| B07E| Notification of approval relating to section 229 industrial property law [chapter 7.5 patent gazette]|Free format text: NOTIFICACAO DE ANUENCIA RELACIONADA COM O ART 229 DA LPI |

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2020-08-18| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-02-23| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-08| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

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2021-07-20| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-11-30| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2022-01-11| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 07/03/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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JP2011049571|2011-03-07|

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JP2011-049571|2011-03-07|

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JP2011050807|2011-03-08|

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JP2011-050807|2011-03-08|

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PCT/JP2012/055849|WO2012121297A1|2011-03-07|2012-03-07|METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-O-α-D-GLUCOSYL-L-ASCORBIC ACID ANHYDROUS CRYSTAL-CONTAINING POWDER|

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